Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

European Conference on Antennas and Propagation

Entanglement of two-level atoms above graphene

Andrei M. Nemilentsau, Seyyed Ali Hassani, George W. Hanson, Stephen Hughes

Published May 13, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Using the quantum master equation, we demonstrate entanglement of two-level atoms (TLAs) over graphene. Graphene, acting as a structured photonic reservoir, significantly modifies the spontaneous decay rate of a TLA, and is rigorously incorporated into the formalism through the classical electromagnetic Green dyadic. Moreover, entanglement between the TLAs can be improved compared to the vacuum case, due to coupling of the TLAs to TM surface plasmons on graphene. Dynamics of TLAs can be further controlled by graphene biasing.

Related papers

Control of entanglement of two-level atoms using graphene

Andrei M. Nemilentsau, Seyyed Ali Hassani, George W. Hanson +1 more

Dynamics of two-level atoms (TLAs) above lossy graphene are studied using a master equation model, and improvement of entanglement compared to the vacuum case is demonstrated. Entanglement can be controlled by graphene biasing.

•Jan 1, 2015•0 citations

Two-level systems coupled to Graphene plasmons: A Lindblad equation approach

T. V. C. Antão, Nuno M. R. Peres

In this paper, we review the theory of open quantum systems and macroscopic quantum electrodynamics, providing a self-contained account of many aspects of these two theories. The former is presented in the context of a qubit coupled to a electromagnetic thermal bath, the latter is presented in the context of a quantization scheme for surface-plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in graphene based on Langevin noise currents. This includes a calculation of the dyadic Green’s function (in the electrostatic limit) for a Graphene sheet between two semi-infinite linear dielectric media, and its subsequent application to the construction of SPP creation and annihilation operators. We then bring the two fields together and discuss the entanglement of two qubits in the vicinity of a graphene sheet which supports SPPs. The two qubits communicate with each other via the emission and absorption of SPPs. We find that a Schrödinger cat state involving the two qubits can be partially protected from decoherence by taking advantage of the dissipative dynamics in graphene. A comparison is also drawn between the dynamics at zero temperature, obtained via Schrödinger’s equation, and at finite temperature, obtained using the Lindblad equation.

arXiv:2108.06287•International Journal of Modern Physics B•Aug 10, 2021•7 citations

Entanglement mediated by DC current induced nonreciprocal graphene plasmonics

Jay A. Berres, S. Ali Hassani Gangaraj, George W. Hanson

We investigate entanglement mediated by DC current induced nonreciprocal graphene plasmon polaritons. Nonreciprocal systems are ideal for the enhancement, control, and preservation of entanglement due to the potential for unidirectional beam-like wave propagation, i.e., efficiently transporting photons from one emitter to another. Using a quantum master equation and three-dimensional Green's function analysis, we investigate a system consisting of two two-level emitters dominantly interacting via electric current induced nonreciprocal plasmonic modes of a graphene waveguide. We use concurrence as a measure of entanglement. We show that nonreciprocal graphene plasmon polaritons are a promising candidate to generate and mediate concurrence, where it is shown that there is good enhancement and control of entanglement over vacuum, which is beneficial for the broad applications of entanglement as a quantum resource. We believe our findings contribute to the development of quantum devices, enabling efficient and tunable entanglement between two-level systems, which is a central goal in quantum technologies.

arXiv:2208.10085•Optics Express•Dec 1, 2022•3 citations

Quantum interference near graphene layers: Observing the surface plasmons with transverse electric polarization

Xiaodong Zeng, Zhenghong Li, Guo-Qin Ge +1 more

The spontaneous emission of a V-type three-level quantum emitter near graphene layers is investigated. With appropriate doping densities, graphene layers support transverse electric- (TE-) polarized surface plasmons. This kind of plasmon can enhance the decay rates of dipoles parallel to the layers, and subsequently, strong quantum interference presents between the two orthogonal transition dipoles of the emitter. As a result, the emission field polarization and the spectrum can be radically changed. This can be evidence of the TE-polarized surface plasmons in the graphene layers.

Physical Review A•Apr 10, 2019•11 citations

Optoelectronic Control of Atomic Bistability with Graphene

Mikkel Have Eriksen, Jakob E. Olsen, Christian Wolff +1 more

We explore the emergence and active control of optical bistability in a two-level atom near a graphene sheet. Our theory incorporates self-interaction of the optically driven atom and its coupling to electromagnetic vacuum modes, both of which are sensitive to the electrically tunable interband transition threshold in graphene. We show that electro-optical bistability and hysteresis can manifest in the intensity, spectrum, and quantum statistics of the light emitted by the atom, which undergoes critical slow-down to steady state. The optically driven atom-graphene interaction constitutes a platform for active control of driven atomic systems in coherent quantum control and atomic physics.

arXiv:2207.12134•Physical Review Letters•Dec 16, 2022•10 citations

A graphene platform for nano scale coherent interaction of surface plasmons with resonant atomic ensembles

Ali A. Kamli, Sergey A. Moiseev

We propose a 2D graphene structure containing atomic ensemble as a platform for implementing nanoscale enhanced coherent interactions of plasmonic fields with resonant atomic systems. We determine the graphene surface plasmon modes, and the properties of its electromagnetic fields, and emphasize the role of graphene sheet separation on the interaction with atomic systems for various dipole orientations and positions between the graphene sheets. We analyze the conditions for implementation of coherent interaction of SP mode with resonant atomic ensembles. By solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations that govern the resonant interaction of surface plasmons with atoms, we derive the modified area theorem, which makes it possible to identify the most common nonlinear patterns in the behavior of plasmons under the studied conditions. We obtain analytical and numerical solutions of the area theorem, and find the possibility of stable propagation of isolated SP pulses of graphene surface plasmon modes at "fractional" pulse area values relative to $π$. We show that the coherent dynamics of SP fields can be realized in nanoscale design and we highlight the possibilities of using this scheme of coherent dynamics for implementing compact multimode nanoscale quantum memory and its integration with other quantum devices on the proposed platform.

arXiv:2507.12421•Jul 16, 2025•0 citations
Using the quantum master equation, we demonstrate entanglement of two-level atoms (TLAs) over graphene. Graphene, acting as a structured photonic reservoir, significantly modifies the spontaneous decay rate of a TLA, and is rigorously incorporated into the formalism through the classical electromagnetic Green dyadic. Moreover, entanglement between the TLAs can be improved compared to the vacuum case, due to coupling of the TLAs to TM surface plasmons on graphene. Dynamics of TLAs can be further controlled by graphene biasing.
In this paper, we review the theory of open quantum systems and macroscopic quantum electrodynamics, providing a self-contained account of many aspects of these two theories. The former is presented in the context of a qubit coupled to a electromagnetic thermal bath, the latter is presented in the context of a quantization scheme for surface-plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in graphene based on Langevin noise currents. This includes a calculation of the dyadic Green’s function (in the electrostatic limit) for a Graphene sheet between two semi-infinite linear dielectric media, and its subsequent application to the construction of SPP creation and annihilation operators. We then bring the two fields together and discuss the entanglement of two qubits in the vicinity of a graphene sheet which supports SPPs. The two qubits communicate with each other via the emission and absorption of SPPs. We find that a Schrödinger cat state involving the two qubits can be partially protected from decoherence by taking advantage of the dissipative dynamics in graphene. A comparison is also drawn between the dynamics at zero temperature, obtained via Schrödinger’s equation, and at finite temperature, obtained using the Lindblad equation.
We investigate entanglement mediated by DC current induced nonreciprocal graphene plasmon polaritons. Nonreciprocal systems are ideal for the enhancement, control, and preservation of entanglement due to the potential for unidirectional beam-like wave propagation, i.e., efficiently transporting photons from one emitter to another. Using a quantum master equation and three-dimensional Green's function analysis, we investigate a system consisting of two two-level emitters dominantly interacting via electric current induced nonreciprocal plasmonic modes of a graphene waveguide. We use concurrence as a measure of entanglement. We show that nonreciprocal graphene plasmon polaritons are a promising candidate to generate and mediate concurrence, where it is shown that there is good enhancement and control of entanglement over vacuum, which is beneficial for the broad applications of entanglement as a quantum resource. We believe our findings contribute to the development of quantum devices, enabling efficient and tunable entanglement between two-level systems, which is a central goal in quantum technologies.
The spontaneous emission of a V-type three-level quantum emitter near graphene layers is investigated. With appropriate doping densities, graphene layers support transverse electric- (TE-) polarized surface plasmons. This kind of plasmon can enhance the decay rates of dipoles parallel to the layers, and subsequently, strong quantum interference presents between the two orthogonal transition dipoles of the emitter. As a result, the emission field polarization and the spectrum can be radically changed. This can be evidence of the TE-polarized surface plasmons in the graphene layers.
We explore the emergence and active control of optical bistability in a two-level atom near a graphene sheet. Our theory incorporates self-interaction of the optically driven atom and its coupling to electromagnetic vacuum modes, both of which are sensitive to the electrically tunable interband transition threshold in graphene. We show that electro-optical bistability and hysteresis can manifest in the intensity, spectrum, and quantum statistics of the light emitted by the atom, which undergoes critical slow-down to steady state. The optically driven atom-graphene interaction constitutes a platform for active control of driven atomic systems in coherent quantum control and atomic physics.
We propose a 2D graphene structure containing atomic ensemble as a platform for implementing nanoscale enhanced coherent interactions of plasmonic fields with resonant atomic systems. We determine the graphene surface plasmon modes, and the properties of its electromagnetic fields, and emphasize the role of graphene sheet separation on the interaction with atomic systems for various dipole orientations and positions between the graphene sheets. We analyze the conditions for implementation of coherent interaction of SP mode with resonant atomic ensembles. By solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations that govern the resonant interaction of surface plasmons with atoms, we derive the modified area theorem, which makes it possible to identify the most common nonlinear patterns in the behavior of plasmons under the studied conditions. We obtain analytical and numerical solutions of the area theorem, and find the possibility of stable propagation of isolated SP pulses of graphene surface plasmon modes at "fractional" pulse area values relative to πππ. We show that the coherent dynamics of SP fields can be realized in nanoscale design and we highlight the possibilities of using this scheme of coherent dynamics for implementing compact multimode nanoscale quantum memory and its integration with other quantum devices on the proposed platform.