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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Magnetic trapping of cold atoms in a tapered guide

Boon-Keng Kevin Teo, Georg A. Raithel

Published Jun 25, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. Our guide is similar to the in-line magneto-optical trap (MOT) described previously. Two parallel wire structures placed outside the vacuum chamber (tilted at 11/spl deg/ from the horizontal) provide the transverse trapping field which is compatible with the simultaneous operation of an in-line MOT. A tapered iron alloy (magnetic iron) surrounds each of the wire structures and boosts the field gradient by up to a factor of 4.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2002.1031101

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Summary form only given. Our guide is similar to the in-line magneto-optical trap (MOT) described previously. Two parallel wire structures placed outside the vacuum chamber (tilted at 11/spl deg/ from the horizontal) provide the transverse trapping field which is compatible with the simultaneous operation of an in-line MOT. A tapered iron alloy (magnetic iron) surrounds each of the wire structures and boosts the field gradient by up to a factor of 4.
Summary form only given. Small guides can produce very strong confining fields but the transfer of cold atoms from a magneto optical trap (MOT) into such guides present a problem. This is because MOTs require a fixed trapping volume of /spl sim/ 1 cm/sup 3/ and cannot be miniaturized in the same way as atom guides. We demonstrate the loading of atoms from a cycled MOT into a tapered magnetic atom guide that overlaps with the MOT. This integrated loading strategy involves the formation of a MOT directly inside the atom guide.
We present a method of coupling laser-cooled atoms from a vapor-cell magneto-optic trap (MOT) into a magnetic atom guide. The axis of the four-wire quadrupole guide passes directly through the center of the MOT. The guide is tilted at a small angle with respect to the horizontal plane to facilitate the propagation of the atoms released from the MOT into the guide. We demonstrate the loading of 10587Rb{10}^{5}{ }^{87}\mathrm{Rb}10587Rb atoms into the guide and measure their propagation up to distances of 17 cm (limited by the guide length). The guide incorporates a tapered section in which the guide diameter reduces by a factor of about 3.
We have constructed a tapered magnetic atom guide that is integrated with a magneto-optical trap. We have observed atom guiding over distances of up to 20 cm. This integrated strategy is useful for loading atoms into wire guides. We have shown that tapered sections in atom guides. i.e. sections with a variable steepness of the transverse guiding potential, can reflect atoms propagating in the guide. The reflection arises from the adiabatic conservation of the action of the transverse motion; the latter can be used as a control parameter for the atom reflectivity. A method of producing a slow, dark atomic beam of atoms is demonstrated. Atoms that are extracted from a magneto-optical trap using a push beam are quickly pumped into a dark state, which does not interact with the push laser beam. This method is capable of producing atoms with a velocity of order 1 m/s. The slow atoms can be coupled into atom guides. In related research, we observe tunneling resonances of atoms in a 1D optical lattice through the measurement of the magnetization. These resonances manifest themselves as modulations in the magnetization curves. The resonances are shown to be related to the coherence properties of the atoms, and exist only under conditions where the coherence time exceeds the tunneling period of the atoms.
Basic periodic trapping configurations is presented, which can be realized with multilayer microstructures. The trapping fields for the atoms (Ioffe Pritchard type potentials for magnetic trapping of atoms as well as quadrupole fields for magneto-optical trapping) are formed by two layers of crossed wires, which can be individually addressed. The possibility of producing multiple magneto optical traps (MOT) next to a surface in a controlled manner will be shown. This could be a first step to load ultracold atoms into an array of microstructured magnetic traps in a parallel way.
We propose two novel double-well magnetic surface traps (i.e., a double-well U-U-shaped wire trap and a double-well U-Z-shaped wire trap) for cold atoms using a straight and U-shaped current-carrying wire or two U-shaped current-carrying wires. These double-well magnetic traps can be continuously changed into a single-well by reducing the current in a straight wire or an inner U-shaped wire from a suitable value to zero, and vice versa. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields from two current-carrying wire layouts and their field gradients are calculated and analyzed, and the trapped atomic number and its temperature in each magnetic well are estimated. Our study shows that our double-well magnetic surface traps can be used to realize two-species magneto-optical traps (MOTs) above the surface of the wire plane. Under the approximation of low intensity, cold atomic samples with a captured number of ∼10^6 atoms and a temperature of approximately 270 µK can be obtained in each ^85Rb atomic MOT. Since each MOT in two-species MOTs can be prepared independently, our controllable double-well trap can be used to study the cold collisions between two different atomic samples.
A continuous beam of cold atoms is considered as an alternative to improve the performance of caesium frequency standards. A two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D MOT) is outlined. The assembling of three counter-propagating circularly polarised laser beams and of two magnetic field gradients along the horizontal axes leads to a transverse cooling and trapping, whereas in the vertical z-direction the atoms are only cooled and not trapped because of the zero magnetic field in this direction. In order to predict the characteristics of the beam of cold atoms, a simulation of the atomic trajectories was carried out by using a two-dimensional model of Doppler cooling and magneto-optical trapping. The velocity distribution of the atoms, which, due to the trapping and cooling process, enter the zone, where they are launched, is calculated.