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Physical Review A

Delayed polarization dynamics in Nd3+ -doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers

Guy Verschaffelt, Guy Van der Sande, Jan Danckaert, Bernard Ségard, P. Glorieux, Thomas Erneux

Published Jun 2, 2008• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The response of a ${\text{Nd}}^{3+}$-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser is examined experimentally when the pump polarization direction is abruptly changed from one to the other stress-induced principal axis of the cavity. As a result, the laser output polarization changes direction but only after a significant delay. We numerically solve rate equations that describe the evolution of the two polarization fields coupled to the population inversion. The simulations indicate that the polarization switching (PS) delay depends on two successive processes that we analyze using multi-time-scale techniques. The analysis predicts two qualitatively different PS responses depending on how close the laser is from its threshold. Finally, we compare quantitatively the experimental and theoretical estimates of the PS delay.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.063801

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Acta Physica Polonica A•May 1, 2009•2 citations
The response of a Nd3+{\text{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser is examined experimentally when the pump polarization direction is abruptly changed from one to the other stress-induced principal axis of the cavity. As a result, the laser output polarization changes direction but only after a significant delay. We numerically solve rate equations that describe the evolution of the two polarization fields coupled to the population inversion. The simulations indicate that the polarization switching (PS) delay depends on two successive processes that we analyze using multi-time-scale techniques. The analysis predicts two qualitatively different PS responses depending on how close the laser is from its threshold. Finally, we compare quantitatively the experimental and theoretical estimates of the PS delay.
We report an experimental study of the 1.064 ¹m transition dipoles in neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) by measuring the coupling constant between two orthogonal modes of a laser cavity for different cuts of the YAG gain crystal. We propose a theoretical model in which the transition dipoles, slightly elliptic, are oriented along the crystallographic axes. Our experimental measurements show a very good quantitative agreement with this model, and predict a dipole ellipticity between 2% and 3%. This work provides an experimental evidence for the simple description in which transition dipoles and crystallographic axes are collinear in Nd-YAG (with an accuracy better than 1 deg), a point that has been discussed for years.
We report a direct experimental observation of antiphase oscillations in population dynamics in lasers. We show that these population oscillations are intrinsically related to the well-known antiphase polarization dynamics, i.e., the antiphase oscillations of two orthogonal polarization laser field states. We have used a class BBB Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser.
We report an experimental study of the $1.064\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ transition dipoles in neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) by measuring the coupling constant between two orthogonal modes of a laser cavity for different cuts of the YAG gain crystal. We propose a theoretical model in which the transition dipoles, slightly elliptic, are oriented along the crystallographic axes. Our experimental measurements show a very good quantitative agreement with this model and predict a dipole ellipticity between 2% and 3%. This work provides an experimental evidence for the simple description in which transition dipoles and crystallographic axes are collinear in Nd:YAG (with an accuracy better than $1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$), a point that has been discussed for years.
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the coherent response of Tm3+{\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}Tm3+ ions in yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). Working on the 3H6(1)3H4(1){}^{3}{H}_{6}{(1)}^{3}{H}_{4}(1)3H6​(1)3H4​(1) transition we observe optical nutation signals that exhibit multiple distinct Fourier components having polarization-dependent frequencies and weights. This phenomenon is caused by the presence of six different transition-dipole moment orientations of Tm3+{\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}Tm3+ ions in YAG and a resultant dependence of ion-field coupling on field-propagation direction and polarization. Experimental data shown are in excellent agreement with simulation results based on numerical integration of the Maxwell-Bloch equations.
The dynamics of a quasi-isotropic continuous-wave solid-state laser sustaining the oscillation of two orthogonally polarized eigenstates is experimentally investigated. A set of phase-sensitive vectorial Maxwell-Bloch equations is developed to describe theoretically the evolution of such a laser. Different temporal behaviors for the output intensities are observed, depending on the relative amounts and orientations of the phase and loss anisotropies and on the frequency of relaxation oscillations. Namely, the frequency locking of the two orthogonally linearly polarized eigenstates is shown to lead to a surprising pulsed mode-locked oscillation regime. In addition, for different values of the parameters, other peculiar operation regimes are found, such as cw circularly polarized, double-pulsed, or triple-pulsed output intensities. These experimental results, obtained using a diode-pumped Nd:YAG (YAG denotes yttrium aluminum garnet) laser, are well confirmed by the theoretical model.
A mathematical model describing the dynamic emission of intracavity polarized isotropic Cr 4+ :YAG solid--state saturable absorber was developed.This model considers double pumping laser pulses to simulate the actions of Cr 4+ :YAG as a dual Q-switched crystal (1.06 µm) and lasing medium (1.4 µm).The model describes the time evolution of interaction between the pumping laser pulse, partial polarizer and the polarized saturable absorber.The analysis of the polarization process is based on the assumption that at each moment of lasing evolution, the state of polarization represented by an eigenstate corresponds to the lowest radiation losses state.The model offers a simple mechanism for studying the kinetics of the pulsed lasers and the influence of the variations of the pumping laser power and nonlinear anisotropy parameter on the characteristics of the output laser pulses 1.06 µm and 1.4 µm.The angular rotation of the passive switch Cr 4+ :YAG reveals that the transmission of the polarized 1.06 µm laser radiation is strongly anisotropic in the saturation regime.The suggested model estimates the transmission of pumping laser density of the polarized light 1.06 µm radiation as a function of nonlinear anisotropy parameter, temporal behavior of the relative population inversion of Nd-laser, population inversion of the different polarized levels of Cr 4+ :YAG pulsed laser and the output laser pulse densities under impact of different values of the nonlinear anisotropy which is due to the self-induced anisotropy of its saturated absorption.