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Acta Physica Sinica

Quantum key distribution based on hyperentanglement swapping

Feng Fa-Yong, Qiang Zhang, 中国科学技术大学近代物理系，合肥 230026

Published Jan 1, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present a quantum key distribution scheme based on hyperentanglement swapping, which can simultaneously generate deterministic and random keys without the loss of security. The scheme only requires two\|photon states entangled both in spatial (path) and polarization modes, and such a photon pair can create 4 bit of secure keys (2 bit of random keys and 2 bit of deterministic keys). Our protocol can be implemented with linear optics under current technology.

DOI
10.7498/aps.56.1924

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We present a quantum key distribution scheme based on hyperentanglement swapping, which can simultaneously generate deterministic and random keys without the loss of security. The scheme only requires two|photon states entangled both in spatial (path) and polarization modes, and such a photon pair can create 4 bit of secure keys (2 bit of random keys and 2 bit of deterministic keys). Our protocol can be implemented with linear optics under current technology.
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Semi-quantum key distribution allows generating a raw key between two communication participants, in which the sender is a quantum participant and the receiver is a classical participant. This article presents an original semi-quantum key distribution protocol based on hyperentangled Bell states. The hyperentangled Bell states can be entangled simultaneously in polarization and spatial degrees of freedom, enhancing channel capacity. According to the characteristics of hyperentangled Bell states, the proposed protocol is more efficient than the protocol based on Bell states. Moreover, the measure–resend attack, the intercept–resend attack, and the entangle–measure attack are analyzed in detail. The security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol is secure. In addition, a multi-party semi-quantum key distribution scheme based on hyperentangled Bell states is proposed, which can realize key distribution between one quantum participant and multiple classical participants.
Entanglement swapping between EPR pairs can be used to generate the same sequence of random bits in two remote places. A quantum key distribution protocol based on this idea is described. The scheme exhibits the following features: (a) It improves the rate of generated bits for transmitted qubit. (b) It allows Alice and Bob to generate a key of arbitrary length using a single quantum system (three EPR pairs), instead of a long sequence of them. (c) Detecting Eve requires the comparison of fewer bits. (d) Entanglement is an essential ingredient. The scheme assumes reliable measurements of the Bell operator.
We propose an experimentally feasible scheme for generating a two 2 × 4 × 4 dimensional photon hyperentangled state, entangled in polarization, frequency and spatial mode. This scheme is mainly based on a parametric down-conversion source and cross-Kerr nonlinearities, which avoids the complicated uncertain post-selection. Our method can be easily expanded to the production of hyperentangled states with more photons in multidimensions. Hence the expectation for vast quantities of information in quantum information processing will possibly come true. Finally, we put forward a realizable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on the high dimensional hyperentangled state.
We propose an experimentally feasible scheme for generating a two 2×4×42\times4\times42×4×4 dimensional photons hyperentangled state, entangled in polarization, frequency and spatial mode. This scheme is mainly based on a parametric down-conversion source and cross-Kerr nonlinearities, which avoids the complicated uncertain post-selection. Our method can be easily expanded to the production of hyperentangled states with more photons in multi-dimension. Hence the expectation for vast quantities of information in quantum information processing will possibly come true. Finally, we put forward a realizable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on the high dimensional hyperentangled state.