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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Collision-induced I(52P1/2–52P3/2) radiative transition

L S Ershov, V Yu Zalesskiĭ

Published May 31, 1978• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An investigation was made of the dependences of the initial I(5 2 P 1/2 )→I(5 2 P 3/2 )+ hν ( λ = 1315nm) luminescence signal on the pressure and nature of the buffer gases. Atoms of I in the 5 2 P 1/2 state were formed, in initial concentrations of (0.5–3) × 10 16 cm −3 , as a result of photolysis of CF 3 I (0.01 atm) by the fourth harmonic of a Q -switched neodymium laser ( E ∼0.6 J, τ ∼2 × 10 −3 sec). The I(5 2 P 1/2 ) luminescence was recorded by a germanium photodiode whose time constant was (3–4) × 10 −7 sec. When CF 3 I was diluted with Ar, Xe, and SF 6 buffer gases, the intensity of the luminescence of the I(5 2 P 1/2 ) atoms increased because of an increase in the probability of the 5 2 P 1/2 →5 2 P 3/2 transition as a result of collisions of the iodine atoms with the atoms or molecules of the buffer gases. The dependence of the probability of the investigated transition on the nature and pressure of the buffer gases was determined in the pressure range ∼0–1 atm. Estimates were obtained of the oscillator strengths corresponding to the matrix elements of the induced electric dipole moment due to the deformation of the electron shells of the iodine atoms in collisions.

DOI
10.1070/qe1978v008n05abeh010207

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COLLISION-INDUCED MIXING IN THE 52P3/2 STATE OF RUBIDIUM AND THE 62P3//o STATE OF CESIUM

Joseph Yellin

Alkali-metal vapors of rubidium and cesium have been optically pumped, with the D2 component of the resonance radiation and the reversal of the ground-state polarization observed as a function of buffer-gas pressure.It is well known that when complete mixing occurs in the 2p3/2 state, the polarization achieved in the grolfnd state (ZS1jz) is opposite to that obtained with the D 1 component of the resonance radiation when circularly polarized light is used.However, in the absence of mixing in the 2 P3/2 state, the sign of the polarization is the same for both D 1 and Dz light.For some finite degree of mixing of the 2p3/2 state, the equilibrium electronic polarization vanishes.From the null points observed in the Dz pumping signal vs buffer-gas -pressure curve, we have determined relative cross sections for collisional.disorientation of the 2 P3/2 state of a polarized Rb orCs atom.For Rb85 we fmd a 3 ; 2 (He) = 0.44 ± 15%, a 3 ,; (Ne) = 0.45 ± 15o/o, a 3 ; 2 (Kr) = 1.26 ± l5o/o, and a 3 ; 2 (Xe) = 1.46 ± J5o/o:; for Rb87 we find &3j 2 (He) = 0.47 ± 15o/o, a3/2(Ne) = 0.46 ± l5o/o, a3/ 2 (Kr) = 1.32 ± 15o/o, and a3/2 (Xe) = 1.46 ± 15%."For C s, a 3{ 2 (He) = Oo38 ± 15o/o, a3/2 (N e) = 0.42 ± 15 o/o, a3j2(Kr) = L22 ± 15o/o, and a 3 ;2(Xe = 1.45 ± 15o/o.All cross sections are relative to a3/2(Ar)o -• ••• -1-UCRL-17175

•Oct 4, 1966•0 citations
An investigation was made of the dependences of the initial I(5 2 P 1/2 )→I(5 2 P 3/2 )+ hν ( λ = 1315nm) luminescence signal on the pressure and nature of the buffer gases. Atoms of I in the 5 2 P 1/2 state were formed, in initial concentrations of (0.5–3) × 10 16 cm −3 , as a result of photolysis of CF 3 I (0.01 atm) by the fourth harmonic of a Q -switched neodymium laser ( E ∼0.6 J, τ ∼2 × 10 −3 sec). The I(5 2 P 1/2 ) luminescence was recorded by a germanium photodiode whose time constant was (3–4) × 10 −7 sec. When CF 3 I was diluted with Ar, Xe, and SF 6 buffer gases, the intensity of the luminescence of the I(5 2 P 1/2 ) atoms increased because of an increase in the probability of the 5 2 P 1/2 →5 2 P 3/2 transition as a result of collisions of the iodine atoms with the atoms or molecules of the buffer gases. The dependence of the probability of the investigated transition on the nature and pressure of the buffer gases was determined in the pressure range ∼0–1 atm. Estimates were obtained of the oscillator strengths corresponding to the matrix elements of the induced electric dipole moment due to the deformation of the electron shells of the iodine atoms in collisions.
An investigation was made of the dependences of the initial I(5 2 P 1/2 )→I(5 2 P 3/2 )+ hν ( λ = 1315nm) luminescence signal on the pressure and nature of the buffer gases. Atoms of I in the 5 2 P 1/2 state were formed, in initial concentrations of (0.5–3)×10 16 cm −3 , as a result of photolysis of CF 3 I (0.01 atm) by the fourth harmonic of a Q -switched neodymium laser ( E ∼0.6 J, τ ∼2×10 −3 sec). The I(5 2 P 1/2 ) luminescence was recorded by a germanium photodiode whose time constant was (3–4)×10 −7 sec. When CF 3 I was diluted with Ar, Xe, and SF 6 buffer gases, the intensity of the luminescence of the I(5 2 P 1/2 ) atoms increased because of an increase in the probability of the 5 2 P 1/2 →5 2 P 3/2 transition as a result of collisions of the iodine atoms with the atoms or molecules of the buffer gases. The dependence of the probability of the investigated transition on the nature and pressure of the buffer gases was determined in the pressure range ∼0–1 atm. Estimates were obtained of the oscillator strengths corresponding to the matrix elements of the induced electric dipole moment due to the deformation of the electron shells of the iodine atoms in collisions.
It is shown that the stimulated emission cross section σ 3—4 of the 2 P 1/2 ( F =3)→ 2 P 3/2 ( F' =4) transition in iodine can be determined without allowance of the influence of chemical reactions on the population inversion and mixing of sublevels with the ground 2 P 3/2 and excited 2 P 1/2 states of iodine. A report is given of measurements of the σ 3—4 cross section as a function of the pressure of CF 3 I, n -C 3 F 7 I, and i -C 3 F 7 I vapors and of He, Ne, Ar, and Xe inert gases. The collisional (impact) widths of the transition profile and of the coefficients of collisional broadening by these gases are obtained. A comparison is made with the theory and with the results of published investigations.
The influence of molecular collisions on the production of the degenerate four-wave mixing signal in I(2) is presented. Measurements were performed on gaseous molecular iodine, I(2), contained in a glass cell in which pressure, temperature, and species concentration are easily and independently varied. Frequencydoubled outputs from a seeded Nd:YAG laser and an excimer-pumped dye laser were used as excitation sources. We have studied the dependence of signal strength versus buffer gas pressure, with pump intensity as a third parameter. It is evident from our results that, for pump intensities of less than 1 MW/cm(2), the pressure dependence of the signal follows that given by a simple two-level model in the homogeneously broadened regime. In this regime collisional deexcitation becomes significant, leading to changes in saturation intensity. This is evidenced by a reduction in the signal with an increase in buffer gas pressure. This behavior is similar to that seen in laser-induced fluorescence. At higher pump intensities, the signal is seen to increase with pressure; this behavior cannot be described by the simple two-level model.
Photoabsorption method has been applied to Rb-Xe system to observe collision-induced dipole (CID) transitions 5 s - n s ( n =10 and 11), - n d ( n =8 to 16) and - n q ( n =7 to 15), where q stands for the manifold states or l ≥3. Measured shift is almost constant (≃14 cm -1 ) for 5 s - n d , whereas it decreases from 41 to 10 cm -1 for 5 s - n q as n increases. Measured effective oscillator strength per unit xenon density f CID /[Xe] (10 -27 cm 3 ) decreases from 35 to 2 for 5 s - n d and from 64 to 34 for - n q as n increases. The f CID /[Xe] values of rubidium are quantitatively explained by the theory that takes account of the energy dependence of the s -wave amplitude for electron-xenon scattering.
The transfer of coherence accompanying 42P1/2 → 42P3/2 transfer of excitation induced in collisions between 42P1/2 potassium atoms and noble gas atoms as well as some simple molecules, was studied in a series of sensitized fluorescence experiments. Mixtures of potassium vapor at 6 × 10−7 Torr with the various buffer gases were irradiated with circularly polarized D1(σ+) light and the relative intensities of the σ+ and σ− fractions of both the D1 and D2 fluorescent components were determined in relation to the pressures of the buffer gases. The experiments yielded the following cross sections for coherence transfer: K–He:1.7 Å2; K–Ne :0.8 Å2; K–Ar < 0.5 Å2; K–H2 :3.5 Å2; K–CH4 :7.0 Å2; K–CD4:7.7 Å2.
Alkali-metal vapors of rubidium and cesium have been optically pumped, with the D2 component of the resonance radiation and the reversal of the ground-state polarization observed as a function of buffer-gas pressure.It is well known that when complete mixing occurs in the 2p3/2 state, the polarization achieved in the grolfnd state (ZS1jz) is opposite to that obtained with the D 1 component of the resonance radiation when circularly polarized light is used.However, in the absence of mixing in the 2 P3/2 state, the sign of the polarization is the same for both D 1 and Dz light.For some finite degree of mixing of the 2p3/2 state, the equilibrium electronic polarization vanishes.From the null points observed in the Dz pumping signal vs buffer-gas -pressure curve, we have determined relative cross sections for collisional.disorientation of the 2 P3/2 state of a polarized Rb orCs atom.For Rb85 we fmd a 3 ; 2 (He) = 0.44 ± 15%, a 3 ,; (Ne) = 0.45 ± 15o/o, a 3 ; 2 (Kr) = 1.26 ± l5o/o, and a 3 ; 2 (Xe) = 1.46 ± J5o/o:; for Rb87 we find &3j 2 (He) = 0.47 ± 15o/o, a3/2(Ne) = 0.46 ± l5o/o, a3/ 2 (Kr) = 1.32 ± 15o/o, and a3/2 (Xe) = 1.46 ± 15%."For C s, a 3{ 2 (He) = Oo38 ± 15o/o, a3/2 (N e) = 0.42 ± 15 o/o, a3j2(Kr) = L22 ± 15o/o, and a 3 ;2(Xe = 1.45 ± 15o/o.All cross sections are relative to a3/2(Ar)o -• ••• -1-UCRL-17175