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Lecture notes in computer science

An Effective Attack on the Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Based on Quantum Encryption

Fei Gao, Su‐Juan Qin, Qiaoyan Wen, Fu-Chen Zhu

Published Jan 1, 2005• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/11599548_26

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Cybersecurity attacks are rising day by day due to the explosive growth of the internet. Many encryption techniques and authentication mechanisms also came into existence to avoid or minimize cybersecurity attacks. However, these traditional encryption algorithms are facing new challenges because of quantum computers. Due to their high computational capacity, quantum computers will be able to decipher the messages which are encrypted by the encryption algorithms. To guard against these sophisticated cyber attacks, the Quantum-Key Distribution (QKD) protocol and the Time-Released Encryption(TRE) algorithms are becoming popular. The paper proposes a Time-Based Quantum Key Distribution Protocol (TB-QKD), that enables a secure key exchange and decryption process between two trusted parties on an arbitrary time. The proposed TB-QKD protocol allows the sender and receiver to share the keys securely through the quantum channel with the help of QKD protocol. The algorithm encryption and decryption times for different messages have been observed and presented. Moreover, this protocol also provides a suitable solution that addresses many vulnerabilities that occur in the domain of data security and confidentiality.
An application of quantum communications is the transmission of qubits to create shared symmetric encryption keys in a process called quantum key distribution (QKD). Contrary to public-private key encryption, symmetric encryption is considered safe from (quantum) computing attacks, i.e. it provides forward security and is thus attractive for secure communications. In this paper we argue that for free-space quantum communications, especially with satellites, if one assumes that man-in-the-middle attacks can be detected by classical channel monitoring techniques, simplified quantum communications protocols and hardware systems can be implemented that offer improved key rates. We term these protocols photon key distribution (PKD) to differentiate them from the standard QKD protocols. We identify three types of photon sources and calculate asymptotic secret key rates for PKD protocols and compare them to their QKD counterparts. PKD protocols use only one measurement basis which we show roughly doubles the key rates. Furthermore, with the relaxed security assumptions one can establish keys at very high losses, in contrast to QKD where at the same losses privacy amplification would make key generation impossible.
The main purpose of quantum key distribution protocols is to provide a practical and secure transmission of the single-use key used in encryption at the sender and receiver side. In the classical method, both parties cannot be sure that the key has not been taken over by an attacker. Since the quantum key exchange method basically relies on quantum physics, it provides higher security than conventional key distribution methods. In this study, the first and most used BB84 protocol, which is one of the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, and the distribution of the key between the receiver and the sender in the simulation environment and the attempt of the attacker to achieve the key was performed in the simulation environment. The results obtained in the last section are analyzed and suggestions are made for future studies.