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Chinese Physics B

Photoassociation of ultracold RbCs molecules into the (2)0−state (v= 189, 190) below the 5S1/2+ 6P1/2dissociation limit

Xue-Fang Chang, Zhonghua Ji, Jinpeng Yuan, Yanting Zhao, Yonggang Yang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Sep 1, 2013• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Ultracold polar RbCs molecules are produced via photoassociation in a laser-cooled mixture of 85 Rb and 133 Cs atoms. The a 3 Σ + state molecules which decay from electronically excited (2)0 − state RbCs molecules are detected by resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization. The new rovibrational levels ( v = 189, 190) in the (2)0 − state are also observed, which exist in theory and have not been observed in experiments yet. The corresponding rotational constants are measured by photoassociation spectroscopy, which are consistent with theoretical calculations using a nonrigid rotor model.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/22/9/093701

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Ultracold polar RbCs molecules are produced via photoassociation in a laser-cooled mixture of 85 Rb and 133 Cs atoms. The a 3 Σ + state molecules which decay from electronically excited (2)0 − state RbCs molecules are detected by resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization. The new rovibrational levels ( v = 189, 190) in the (2)0 − state are also observed, which exist in theory and have not been observed in experiments yet. The corresponding rotational constants are measured by photoassociation spectroscopy, which are consistent with theoretical calculations using a nonrigid rotor model.
Ultracold polar RbCs molecules are produced via photoassociation in a dual dark-SPOT magneto-optical trap, in which ultracold rubidium and cesium atoms with high densities are formed by laser cooling and trapping. The a3∑+ triplet metastable state ultracold RbCs molecules with 104/s production rate are detected using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization. The ultra-high resolution rovibrational spectra of (2)0+, (3)0- and (2)0- rovibrational states are observed by scanning the photoassociation laser frequency. The rotational constants of (2)0+, (3)0- and (2)0- vibrational states are 0.00349 cm-1, 0.00649 cm-1 and 0.00372 cm-1 by fitting respectively.
We have produced ultracold polar RbCs molecules via photoassociation starting from laser-cooled 85 Rb and 133 Cs atoms in a dual-species, forced dark magneto-optical trap. The formed electronically excited RbCs* molecules correlated to the Rb(5S 1/2 ) + Cs(6P 1/2 ) dissociation limit are observed by trap loss spectroscopy. Following the decay of these excited RbCs* molecules, the formed ground state molecules are directly ionized by a two-photon single-color pulse dye laser, which is a new ionization mechanism for ground state RbCs molecules and thence detected by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy.
We have produced ultracold, polar RbCs∗{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{s}}^{*}RbCs∗ molecules via photoassociation in a laser-cooled mixture of Rb and Cs atoms. Using a model of the RbCs∗{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{s}}^{*}RbCs∗ molecular interaction which reproduces the observed rovibrational structure, we infer decay rates in our experiments into deeply bound $X\text{ }^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}$ ground-state RbCs vibrational levels as high as $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ per level. Population in such deeply bound levels could be efficiently transferred to the vibrational ground state using a single stimulated Raman transition, opening the possibility to create large samples of stable, ultracold polar molecules.
The formation of ultracold metastable RbCs molecules is observed in a double species magneto-optical trap through photoassociation below the 85 Rb(5S 1/2 ) + 133 Cs(6P 3/2 ) dissociation limit followed by spontaneous emission. The molecules are detected by resonance enhanced two-photon ionization. Using accurate quantum chemistry calculations of the potential energy curves and transition dipole moment, we interpret the observed photoassociation process as occurring at short internuclear distance, in contrast with most previous cold atom photoassociation studies. The vibrational levels excited by photoassociation belong to the 5th 0 + or the 4th 0 − electronic states correlated to the Rb(5P 1/2, 3/2 ) + Cs(6S 1/2 ) dissociation limit. The computed vibrational distribution of the produced molecules shows that they are stabilized in deeply bound vibrational states of the lowest triplet state. We also predict that a noticeable fraction of molecules is produced in the lowest level of the electronic ground state.
We present high resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of RbCs molecules in (2)0(+) long-range state below the Rb(5S1/2) + Cs(6P1/2) asymptote and derive the corresponding C6 coefficient, which is used to revise the potential energy curves. The excited state molecules are produced in a dual-species dark spontaneous force optical trap and detected by ionizing ground state molecules after spontaneous decay, using a high sensitive time-of-flight mass spectrum. With the help of resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization technique, we obtain considerable high resolution photoassociation spectrum with rovibrational states, some of which have never been observed before. By applying the LeRoy-Bernstein method, we assign the vibrational quantum numbers and deduce C6 coefficient, which agrees with the theoretical value of A(1)Σ(+) state correlated to Rb(5S1/2) + Cs(6P1/2) asymptote. The obtained C6 coefficient is used to revise the long-range potential energy curve for (2)0(+) state, which possesses unique A - b mixing characteristic and can be a good candidate for the production of absolutely ground state molecule.
Using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization, we detect ultracold, metastable RbCs molecules formed in their lowest triplet state $a\text{ }^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}$ via photoassociation in a laser-cooled mixture of 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb and 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs atoms. We obtain extensive bound-bound excitation spectra of these molecules, which provide detailed information about their vibrational distribution, as well as spectroscopic data on several RbCs molecular states including $a\text{ }^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}$, $(2)\text{ }^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}$, and $(1)\text{ }^{1}\ensuremath{\Pi}$. Analysis of this data allows us to predict strong transitions from observed levels to the absolute vibronic ground state of RbCs, potentially allowing the production of stable, ultracold polar molecules at rates in excess of ${10}^{6}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.