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Chinese Physics B

Ultrafast population transfer in a Λ-configuration level system driven by few-cycle laser pulses

Wen-Jing Zhang, Xiao-Tao Xie, Luling Jin, Jintao Bai

Published Nov 1, 2013• 1 citation

Abstract

The feasibility of population transfer from a populated level via an intermediate state to the target level driven by few-cycle pulses is theoretically discussed. The processes of on- or far-resonance stimulated Raman scattering with sequential or simultaneous ultrashort pulses are investigated respectively. We find that the ultrashort pulses with about two optical cycles can be used to realize the population operation. This suggests that the population transfer can be completed in the femtosecond time scale. At the same time, our simulation shows that the signal of the carrier-envelope-phase-dependent effect can be enlarged due to quantum interference in some conditions. Our theoretic study may promote the research on the coherent control via ultrashort pulses in the related fields.

DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/22/11/114210

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The feasibility of population transfer from a populated level via an intermediate state to the target level driven by few-cycle pulses is theoretically discussed. The processes of on- or far-resonance stimulated Raman scattering with sequential or simultaneous ultrashort pulses are investigated respectively. We find that the ultrashort pulses with about two optical cycles can be used to realize the population operation. This suggests that the population transfer can be completed in the femtosecond time scale. At the same time, our simulation shows that the signal of the carrier-envelope-phase-dependent effect can be enlarged due to quantum interference in some conditions. Our theoretic study may promote the research on the coherent control via ultrashort pulses in the related fields.

We report and propose a simple scheme to achieve efficient and fast coherent population transfer by utilizing either a nonlinearly chirped Gaussian-shaped few-cycle laser pulse or an unchirped sinc-shaped few-cycle laser pulse. The proposed scheme is shown to be fairly robust against the variation of the laser parameters such as temporal pulse width, chirp rates, carrier-envelope phases, and Rabi frequencies. We find that compared to the so-called stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique, our scheme for complete population transfer with few-cycle Gaussian-shaped laser pulses requires less pulse area.

The interactions of sub-cycle and single-cycle pulses with two- or three-level quantum systems are studied, respectively. For the two-level quantum system, two cases in which the carrier frequency of pulses is in resonance and far from resonance with the atom are analysed. The ultrafast complete population transfer can be obtained. The sub-cycle pulse with a far off-resonant carrier frequency is found to be more suitable for the population transfer. The relation between the area of pulses and population transfer is clarified in the sub-cycle and single-cycle domain. For the Lambda-type three-level quantum system, more than 90% of population transfer can be achieved from one level to another. The scheme is insensitive to the variation of the laser parameters such as the peak Rabi frequency and the carrier frequency for both two- and three-level quantum systems.

We investigate ultrafast coherent population transfer in a Λ-type three-level system driven by a train of weak phase-locked pump-Stokes femtosecond pulse pairs, where the pump and Stokes pulses in each pair are applied in counterintuitive order, similar to that in the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique. It is shown that due to temporal constructive quantum interference and the subsequent coherent accumulation, complete population transfer can be achieved by a few pulse pairs with suitable interpair and intrapair time delays even if a single pair of pulses in the train is so weak that nearly no population transfer can take place. The method is efficient and robust to moderate variations in the interpair and intrapair time delays, number of pulse pairs, and laser intensity, which is particularly favorable to coherent population transfer in quantum systems with weak oscillator strengths.

The response of a two-level system to a few-cycle pulse pair has been investigated with a special focus on the relation between population inversion and the carrier-envelope phases (CEPs) of the two pulses. The goal is to explore possible schemes of coherent control based on sequential ultrafast pulses. Simulation results indicate a close CEP-inversion relation, which stems from the coherent nature of the interaction. The impact of the pulse amplitudes is evaluated and is shown to create weak-field and strong-field interaction regions with drastically different characteristics. The important role of carrier-wave Rabi flopping in defining these characteristics is also analyzed. Finally, advantages of the method and experimental realization are discussed.