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Final Report

The Correlated Emission Laser - Towards High Sensitivity Ring Laser Gyroscopes and Wave Detectors.

Marlan O. Scully, Leno M. Pedrotti

Published Sep 1, 1986• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In addition to this fundamental research in the nature of the noise present in a measurement of phase, and the consequent development of the CEL concept, we have carried out research in a number of related topics. This includes acting as a theoretical support group for (now defunct) large, passive, resonant-ring gyroscope experimental effort which was carried out at F.J. Seiler laboratories at the Air Force Academy. In addition, a preliminary experimental RLG effort has begun at the University of New Mexico under the auspices of this contract. Finally, we studied in a somewhat general manner the quantum distribution functions. Techniques involved in this latter study are very useful in calculations of quantum noise. (Author)

Related papers

Correlated emission laser - towards high-sensitivity ring-laser gyroscopes and wave detectors. Final report, 1 March 1985-31 May 1986

Marlan O. Scully, Leno M. Pedrotti

In addition to this fundamental research in the nature of the noise present in a measurement of phase, and the consequent development of the CEL concept, research was carried out in a number of related topics. This includes acting as a theoretical support group for (now defunct) large, passive, resonant-ring gyroscope experimental effort at the Air Force Academy. In addition, a preliminary experimental RLG effort has begun at the University of New Mexico under the auspices of this contract. Finally, the authors studied in a somewhat general manner the quantum distribution functions. Techniques involved in this latter study are very useful in calculations of quantum noise.

•Sep 1, 1986•0 citations

Novel Approaches to Sensitivity Enhancement of Ring Laser Gyros

Marlan O. Scully, Sudhakar Prasad

Abstract : A main theme of these papers are the role of quantum effects and determining how the sensitivity of optical sensor, such as the ring-laser gyro, can be improved. The correlated-spontaneous-emission laser (CEL) is a concept which permits reduction of quantum noise associated with the relative phase angle between two correlated laser transitions. The mechanism of quantum noise quenching in the original CEL device (quantum beat laser) has been explained using a geometrical approach, and a more rigorous analysis where amplitude noise is also included. Extensive studies on the CEL, including the effects of nonlinear saturation and atomic motion, was performed. The CEL concept has been found applicable to various types of devices, besides the quantum beat laser, for the purpose of quantum noise reduction. Using the CEL concept, we have developed the following four devices, which have the ability of quantum noise reduction, even squeezing.

•Jun 1, 1990•0 citations

Stability and instability of correlated emission lasers

Ann Cavin Strozewski, John C. Englund

The idea of using correlated emission to reduce spontaneous-emission noise in an active interferometer1 has recently been successfully implemented in a He–Ne Zeeman laser,2 an advance of particular significance for the development of high-sensitivity probes of metric gravity.1 Because the sensitivity of such probes is expected to increase with increasing laser power, we have begun assessing the degree to which instability imposes limitations on the operating levels of correlated-emission-laser (CEL) devices. In particular, we have found that the model of Bergou et al.3 of a homogeneously broadened, three-level CEL exhibits transitions to chaos that are very similar to the well-known Haken–Lorenz instability, and at quantitatively similar threshold powers. A CEL model more appropriate to Ref. 2 is also considered.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

CEL gyroscope with injected squeezed vacuum

János A. Bergou, Julio R. Gea-Banacloche, Marlan O. Scully

It is shown that the injection of a squeezed vacuum into a correlated emission ring laser gyroscope enhances the sensitivity of the device. In particular, it is demonstrated that if the phase of the injected squeezed vacuum is chosen appropriately, then the output is squeezed in the phase quadrature. This may lead to complete suppression of the shot noise in the signal.

Journal of Modern Optics•Mar 1, 2002•1 citation

Correlated-emission laser gyroscope

Marlan O. Scully

We show that correlated-emission noise quenching can be achieved in a ring laser via a spatially modulated active medium. A gyroscope based on such a correlated-emission laser has a potential sensitivity superseding the usual quantum limit.

Physical Review A•Jan 1, 1987•23 citations

Correlated emission laser: concept, theory, and analysis

Marlan O. Scully, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

As discussed in the last three chapters, the fundamental source of noise in a laser is spontaneous emission. A simple pictorial model for the origin of the laser linewidth envisions it as being due to the random phase diffusion process arising from the addition of spontaneously emitted photons with random phases to the laser field. In this chapter we show that the quantum noise leading to the laser linewidth can be suppressed below the standard, i.e., Schawlow–Townes limit by preparing the atomic systems in a coherent superposition of states as in the Hanle effect and quantum beat experiments discussed in Chapter 7. In such coherently prepared atoms the spontaneous emission is said to be correlated. Lasers operating via such a phase coherent atomic ensemble are known as correlated spontaneous emission lasers (CEL). An interesting aspect of the CEL is that it is possible to eliminate the spontaneous emission quantum noise in the relative linewidths by correlating the two spontaneous emission noise events. A number of schemes exist in which quantum noise quenching below the standard limit can be achieved. In two-mode schemes a correlation between the spontaneous emisson events in two different modes of the radiation field is established via atomic coherence so that the relative phase between them does not diffuse or fluctuate. In a Hanle laser and a quantum beat laser this is achieved by pumping the atoms coherently such that every spontaneously emitting atom contributes equally to the two modes of the radiation, leading to a reduction and even vanishing of the noise in the phase difference.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Sep 4, 1997•0 citations
In addition to this fundamental research in the nature of the noise present in a measurement of phase, and the consequent development of the CEL concept, we have carried out research in a number of related topics. This includes acting as a theoretical support group for (now defunct) large, passive, resonant-ring gyroscope experimental effort which was carried out at F.J. Seiler laboratories at the Air Force Academy. In addition, a preliminary experimental RLG effort has begun at the University of New Mexico under the auspices of this contract. Finally, we studied in a somewhat general manner the quantum distribution functions. Techniques involved in this latter study are very useful in calculations of quantum noise. (Author)
In addition to this fundamental research in the nature of the noise present in a measurement of phase, and the consequent development of the CEL concept, research was carried out in a number of related topics. This includes acting as a theoretical support group for (now defunct) large, passive, resonant-ring gyroscope experimental effort at the Air Force Academy. In addition, a preliminary experimental RLG effort has begun at the University of New Mexico under the auspices of this contract. Finally, the authors studied in a somewhat general manner the quantum distribution functions. Techniques involved in this latter study are very useful in calculations of quantum noise.
Abstract : A main theme of these papers are the role of quantum effects and determining how the sensitivity of optical sensor, such as the ring-laser gyro, can be improved. The correlated-spontaneous-emission laser (CEL) is a concept which permits reduction of quantum noise associated with the relative phase angle between two correlated laser transitions. The mechanism of quantum noise quenching in the original CEL device (quantum beat laser) has been explained using a geometrical approach, and a more rigorous analysis where amplitude noise is also included. Extensive studies on the CEL, including the effects of nonlinear saturation and atomic motion, was performed. The CEL concept has been found applicable to various types of devices, besides the quantum beat laser, for the purpose of quantum noise reduction. Using the CEL concept, we have developed the following four devices, which have the ability of quantum noise reduction, even squeezing.
The idea of using correlated emission to reduce spontaneous-emission noise in an active interferometer1 has recently been successfully implemented in a He–Ne Zeeman laser,2 an advance of particular significance for the development of high-sensitivity probes of metric gravity.1 Because the sensitivity of such probes is expected to increase with increasing laser power, we have begun assessing the degree to which instability imposes limitations on the operating levels of correlated-emission-laser (CEL) devices. In particular, we have found that the model of Bergou et al.3 of a homogeneously broadened, three-level CEL exhibits transitions to chaos that are very similar to the well-known Haken–Lorenz instability, and at quantitatively similar threshold powers. A CEL model more appropriate to Ref. 2 is also considered.
As discussed in the last three chapters, the fundamental source of noise in a laser is spontaneous emission. A simple pictorial model for the origin of the laser linewidth envisions it as being due to the random phase diffusion process arising from the addition of spontaneously emitted photons with random phases to the laser field. In this chapter we show that the quantum noise leading to the laser linewidth can be suppressed below the standard, i.e., Schawlow–Townes limit by preparing the atomic systems in a coherent superposition of states as in the Hanle effect and quantum beat experiments discussed in Chapter 7. In such coherently prepared atoms the spontaneous emission is said to be correlated. Lasers operating via such a phase coherent atomic ensemble are known as correlated spontaneous emission lasers (CEL). An interesting aspect of the CEL is that it is possible to eliminate the spontaneous emission quantum noise in the relative linewidths by correlating the two spontaneous emission noise events. A number of schemes exist in which quantum noise quenching below the standard limit can be achieved. In two-mode schemes a correlation between the spontaneous emisson events in two different modes of the radiation field is established via atomic coherence so that the relative phase between them does not diffuse or fluctuate. In a Hanle laser and a quantum beat laser this is achieved by pumping the atoms coherently such that every spontaneously emitting atom contributes equally to the two modes of the radiation, leading to a reduction and even vanishing of the noise in the phase difference.