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International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems

Attenuation of quantum optical signal in stratospheric quantum co mimunication

Jie Zhu, Guihua Zeng

Published Aug 16, 2005• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A quantum communication model based on stratospheric platforms is suggested, which may be called stratospheric quantum communication. Assuming the quantum optical signal in the proposed communication model to be entangled photon pairs, the transmission characteristic of photons in such a model is investigated. Especially, the link attenuation of the quantum channel and the feasibility of stratospheric quantum communication are analyzed in detail. Results show that a worldwide quantum communication network based on the stratospheric platform is possible.

DOI
10.1109/icccas.2005.1493491

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A quantum communication model based on stratospheric platforms is suggested, which may be called stratospheric quantum communication. Assuming the quantum optical signal in the proposed communication model to be entangled photon pairs, the transmission characteristic of photons in such a model is investigated. Especially, the link attenuation of the quantum channel and the feasibility of stratospheric quantum communication are analyzed in detail. Results show that a worldwide quantum communication network based on the stratospheric platform is possible.
Quantum communication is an unconditional secure manner of transmitting information. A system of space information based on quantum entanglement is presented. It is using stratospheric platform and geosynchronous satellite as quantum repeater to deliver entangled photon pairs. The communication link between sender and receiver is built by quantum entanglement, and quantum information is transferred by the principle of quantum teleportation. The characteristic of the system is discussed, and numerical analysis is made for the performance of transmitting information. The result shows that the system can effectively transmit information in security.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the most mature quantum technologies and can provide quantum-safe security in future communication networks. Since QKD in fiber is limited to a range of few hundred kilometers, one approach to bridge continental scale distances may be the use of high altitude pseudo satellites (HAPS) as mobile trusted nodes in the stratosphere. In parallel, free-space laser communication for high rate data transmission has been a subject of research and development for several decades and its commercialization is progressing rapidly. Important synergies exist between classical free-space communication and QKD systems since the quantum states are often implemented using the same degrees of freedom such as polarization or field amplitude and phase. These synergies can be used to benefit from the progress in classical free-space laser communication in QKD applications. In this paper, the use case of QKD in a stratospheric environment is described wherein HAPS may serve as relay station of secret keys and encrypted data. The mission scenario and HAPS capabilities are analyzed to derive special requirements on the stratospheric laser terminal, the link geometry and the ground segment with respect to a feasibility demonstration. To obtain a flexible and compatible system, discrete variable and continuous variable QKD protocols are considered to be implemented side by side in the HAPS payload. Depending on the system parameters, it can be beneficial to use the one or the other kind of protocol. Thus, a direct comparison of both in one and the same system is of scientific interest. Each of the protocols has particular requirements on coupling efficiency and implementation. Link budget calculations are performed to analyze possible distances, key rates and data transmission rates for the different schemes. In case of the QKD system, the mean coupling efficiency is of main interest, i.e. signal fluctuations arising from atmospheric turbulence must be taken into account in the security proof, but the buffered key generation relaxes real-time requirements. This is different to classical communications, where the corresponding fading loss must be assessed. A system architecture is presented that comprises the optical aircraft terminal, the optical ground terminal and the most important subsystems that enable implementation of the considered QKD protocols. The aircraft terminal is interfaced with the dedicated quantum transmitter module (Alice) and the ground station with the dedicated quantum receiver module (Bob). The optical interfaces are SMF couplings which put high requirements on the receiving optics, in particular the need for wave-front correction with adaptive optics. The findings of the system study are reviewed and necessary next steps pointed out.
Feature Issue on Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) We investigate the design and the accommodation of a quantum communication transceiver in an existing classical optical communication terminal on board a satellite. Operation from a low earth orbit (LEO) platform (e.g., the International Space Station) would allow transmission of single photons and pairs of entangled photons to ground stations and hence permit quantum communication applications such as quantum cryptography on a global scale. Integration of a source generating entangled photon pairs and single-photon detection into existing optical terminal designs is feasible. Even more, major subunits of the classical terminals such as those for pointing, acquisition, and tracking as well as those providing the required electronic, thermal, and structural backbone can be adapted so as to meet the quantum communication terminal needs.
In order to construct global quantum communication networks, we proposed the model of quantum satellite communications based on the distribution of entangled three-photon pairs. The entangled three-photon pairs are distributed to quantum ground stations, users, and satellites by an entangled photons preparation center. By performing a Bell-state measurement, the quantum communication links between different users is established first. The scheme of quantum repeating satellite based on the model is discussed and user splicing signaling process is presented then. The throughput of the system is analyzed. Simulation results show that the throughput of the system can help us to achieve long-distance quantum communications. Therefore, it can be used to build a global quantum communication network.
Quantum communication, our ability to transmission quantum information between remote locations, is a primitive operation necessary for any future quantum internet. At its heart quantum communication relies on establishing entangled links between remote locations which can then be used to teleport quantum data. The ultimate performance of such approaches is limited by photon losses in the optical fiber channels. We introduce the concept of quantum multiplexing, which allows us to both minimize the number of photons needed in the entanglement distribution processing while at the same time enhancing the quality of the entangled pairs generated. Our approach should improve the performance of quantum communication systems and repeater networks. © 2019 The Author(s)