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Quantum Information and Computation

Quantum networks based on cavity QED

Hideo Mabuchi, Michael A. Armen, Benjamin Lev, Marko Lončar, Jelena Vuckovic A, Harry J. Kimble, John P. Preskill, Michael Lee Roukes, Axel Scherer, S. J. van Enk

Published Dec 1, 2001• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We review an ongoing program of interdisciplinary research aimed at developing hardware and protocols for quantum communication networks. Our primary experimental goals are to demonstrate quantum state mapping from storage/processing media (internal states of trapped atoms) to transmission media (optical photons), and to investigate a nanotechnology paradigm for cavity QED that would involve the integration of magnetic microtraps with photonic bandgap structures.

DOI
10.26421/qic1.s-3

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We review an ongoing program of interdisciplinary research aimed at developing hardware and protocols for quantum communication networks. Our primary experimental goals are to demonstrate quantum state mapping from storage/processing media (internal states of trapped atoms) to transmission media (optical photons), and to investigate a nanotechnology paradigm for cavity QED that would involve the integration of magnetic microtraps with photonic bandgap structures.
Quantum networks for the processing and distribution of quantum information could consist of quantum “nodes” for the manipulation and storage of quantum information, with these nodes linked by quantum “channels” for the transmission of quantum states. The leading proposal for the realization of such networks utilizes atoms within optical cavities as the “nodes.” Conversion of internal atomic state information into optical photons that propagate from one cavity to another forms the basis for the “channels.” Unfortunately, even in terms of laboratory “proof-of-principle” demonstrations, technical capabilities are far short of those required to implement such quantum networks. However, along the road to these ends, there lies a rich set of scientific problems that are the subject of this paper, including nonlinear optics with single atoms and photons, trapping of individual atoms within high finesse optical cavities, and teleportation of quantum states.
Summary form only given. In the quantum optics group at Caltech, we are attempting to lay the foundations for quantum information science by way of advances on several fronts in optical physics. Within the setting of cavity QED, single atoms are strongly coupled to the field of a high finesse optical cavity at the single photon level, with current work directed toward trapping and localization of atoms inside the cavity. Although there are daunting technical problems to overcome, a principal scientific objective is the creation of quantum networks to implement fundamental quantum communication protocols and for distributed quantum computation. Beyond quantum information processing with internal atomic states and photons serving as qubits, we are also investigating algorithms for continuous quantum variables. A recent example is our realization of quantum teleportation for the quadrature amplitudes of a beam of light. The experiment utilizes squeezed-state entanglement to achieve unconditional quantum teleportation.
Abstract : During the MURI performance period we completed a diverse portfolio of world-class research projects. We made remarkable progress in all major topics encompassed by the defining vision of our Quantum Networks MURI Center: demonstration of elementary quantum network protocols via cavity QED, development of integrated quantum nodes based on atom chips and photonic bandgap structures, and advancing quantum information theory. Feature accomplishments include the first demonstration of a complete cavity-QED quantum information protocol using a single intracavity atom, the development of chip-scale microtraps and microcavities suitable for cavity QED with strong coupling, and security proofs for quantum key distribution with imperfect devices.
Quantum information science is a rapidly evolving field, and it is still unclear which physical systems will ultimately prove best-suited for the practical implementation of computing and communication technologies. It is quite clear, however, that optical components and methodology will play a central role in the development of quantum communication systems and in the realization of general purpose protocols for quantum measurement and quantum control. In this talk I will review recent work in our group that illustrates these connections between quantum optics and quantum information science. In particular, I will describe our ongoing work on adaptive quantum measurements, quantum feedback control, and the use of photonic bandgap structures for quantum-optical networking.
The principle goal of our program is the demonstration of scalable quantum logic between qubits encoded in the internal states of neutral atoms sharing the quantum field of an optical cavity. This requires successful integration of two leading quantum information technologies atom-based quantum memories and cavity QED-based entanglement generation and manipulation. We have developed methods for trapping atoms inside high-finesse optical resonators for scalable quantum logic. Our configuration employs infrared (CO2) laser traps for individual atoms that will permit us to store many individually addressable atoms and to manipulate these atoms in arbitrary combinations using the quantum field of the optical cavity. Importantly, the use of infrared trapping lasers virtually eliminates decoherence due to atomic spontaneous emission, which hinders many AMO-based systems.