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Acta Physica Polonica A

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Double Well Atomic Josephson Junction

James Owen Weatherall, Christopher P. Search

Published Oct 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency is an important tool for controlling light propagation and nonlinear wave mixing in atomic gases with potential applications ranging from quantum computing to table top tests of general relativity.Here we consider electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a double well potential.One well is prepared as in standard electromagnetically induced transparency with a weak probe laser and control laser in a Λ configuration while tunneling between the wells provides a coherent coupling between identical electronic states in the two wells leading to the formation of spatially delocalized inter-well dressed states.The macroscopic inter-well coherence of the Bose-Einstein condensate wave function qualitatively modifies the normal electromagnetically induced transparency linear susceptibility and leads to the formation of additional absorption resonances and larger dispersion than electromagnetically induced transparency.We show that these new resonances can be interpreted in terms of the inter-well dressed states and the formation of a novel type of dark state involving the control laser and the inter-well tunneling.

DOI
10.12693/aphyspola.116.455

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Electromagnetically induced transparency is an important tool for controlling light propagation and nonlinear wave mixing in atomic gases with potential applications ranging from quantum computing to table top tests of general relativity.Here we consider electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a double well potential.One well is prepared as in standard electromagnetically induced transparency with a weak probe laser and control laser in a Λ configuration while tunneling between the wells provides a coherent coupling between identical electronic states in the two wells leading to the formation of spatially delocalized inter-well dressed states.The macroscopic inter-well coherence of the Bose-Einstein condensate wave function qualitatively modifies the normal electromagnetically induced transparency linear susceptibility and leads to the formation of additional absorption resonances and larger dispersion than electromagnetically induced transparency.We show that these new resonances can be interpreted in terms of the inter-well dressed states and the formation of a novel type of dark state involving the control laser and the inter-well tunneling.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an important tool for controlling light propagation and nonlinear wave mixing in atomic gases with potential applications ranging from quantum computing to table top tests of general relativity. Here we consider EIT in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in a double-well potential. A weak probe laser propagates through one of the wells and interacts with atoms in a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration. The well through which the probe propagates is dressed by a strong control laser with Rabi frequency ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$, as in standard EIT systems. Tunneling between the wells at the frequency ggg provides a coherent coupling between identical electronic states in the two wells, which leads to the formation of interwell dressed states. The macroscopic interwell coherence of the BEC wave function results in the formation of two ultranarrow absorption resonances for the probe field that are inside of the ordinary EIT transparency window. We show that these new resonances can be interpreted in terms of the interwell dressed states and the formation of a type of dark state involving the control laser and the interwell tunneling. To either side of these ultranarrow resonances there is normal dispersion with very large slope controlled by ggg. We discuss prospects for observing these ultranarrow resonances and the corresponding regions of high dispersion experimentally.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) is one of the most remarkable phenomenain quantum optics. Under conventional interpretation, a coupling laser prepares a coherentatomic state in which destructive interference suppresses absorption of a resonant probebeam while producing an exceptionally steep dispersion profile responsible for slow-lightpropagation. The present paper accepts these experimental observations while proposingan alternative physical interpretation within the Space-Phase (SP3) framework. Theprincipal observational clue is the strict wavelength selectivity of EIT. Transparency occursonly when the probe wavelength closely matches a naturally absorbing atomic transition.This paper proposes that the resonance condition may characterize not only the atomictransition but also the coherence-joining behavior of the coupled atom-space-phasesystem. Under this interpretation, the coupling laser conditions both the atomic ensembleand its adjacent space-phase environment. Probe radiation subsequently propagatesthrough sequential coherence joining rather than repeated absorption and spontaneous reemission. The resulting interpretation naturally links resonant transparency, slow light,halted light, Bose-Einstein condensates, process-time, and medium conditioning within asingle physical framework while generating experimentally testable predictions.
We study atomic coherence and interference in four-level atoms confined in an optical cavity and explores the interplay between cavity QED and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The destructive interference can be induced in the coupled cavity-atom system with a free-space control laser tuned to the normal mode resonance and leads to suppression of the normal mode excitation. Then by adding a pump laser coupled to the four-level atoms from free space, the control-laser induced destructive interference can be reversed and the normal mode excitation is restored. When the free-space control laser is tuned to the atomic resonance and forms a Λ-type EIT configuration with the cavity-atom system, EIT is manifested as a narrow transmission peak of a weak probe laser coupled into the cavity mode. With the free-space pump laser driving the cavity-confined atoms in a four-level configuration, the narrow transmission peak of the cavity EIT can be split into two peaks and the dressed intra-cavity dark states are created analogous to the dressed states in free space. We report experimental studies of such coherently coupled cavity-atom system realized with cold Rb atoms confined in an optical cavity and discuss possible applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information science.
Coherent preparation by laser light of quantum states of atoms and molecules can lead to quantum interference in the amplitudes of optical transitions. In this way the optical properties of a medium can be dramatically modified, leading to electromagnetically induced transparency and related effects, which have placed gas-phase systems at the center of recent advances in the development of media with radically new optical properties. This article reviews these advances and the new possibilities they offer for nonlinear optics and quantum information science. As a basis for the theory of electromagnetically induced transparency the authors consider the atomic dynamics and the optical response of the medium to a continuous-wave laser. They then discuss pulse propagation and the adiabatic evolution of field-coupled states and show how coherently prepared media can be used to improve frequency conversion in nonlinear optical mixing experiments. The extension of these concepts to very weak optical fields in the few-photon limit is then examined. The review concludes with a discussion of future prospects and potential new applications.
In this paper, we present a method to generate continuous-variable-type entangled states between photons and atoms in atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The proposed method involves an atomic BEC with three internal states, a weak quantized probe laser, and a strong classical coupling laser, which form a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-shaped BEC system. We consider a situation where the BEC is in electromagnetically induced transparency with the coupling laser being much stronger than the probe laser. In this case, the upper and intermediate levels are unpopulated, so that their adiabatic elimination enables an effective two-mode model involving only the atomic field at the lowest internal level and the quantized probe laser field. Atom-photon quantum entanglement is created through laser-atom and interatomic interactions, and two-photon detuning. We show how to generate atom-photon entangled coherent states and entangled states between photon (atom) coherent states and atom-(photon-) macroscopic quantum superposition (MQS) states, and between photon-MQS and atom-MQS states.
We describe the coherent atomic tunneling between two Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a double-well potential, whose zero-point energies are modulated by a small oscillation of the barrier-laser position. The coupled-mode equations derived from the Gross-Pitaevskii equation describe the dynamics in terms of the population imbalance as a function of the modulation amplitude of the zero-point energies normalized by the modulation frequency. It is predicted that the modulation of the zero-point energies induces the laser-assisted tunneling (LAT) and the resonant peaks of the LATs are remarkably shifted in energy by the nonlinearity due to the many-body interactions. It is also shown that the threshold of the nonlinear self-interaction for the spontaneous symmetry breaking is modified by the potential modulations. These features are qualitatively explained by considering that the coupling (or tunneling) coefficient K is effectively given by $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{K}{K}_{n}^{\mathrm{eff}}{=J}_{n}{(E}_{\ensuremath{\omega}}/\ensuremath{\omega})K$ for the nthn\mathrm{th}nth LAT under the influence of the potential modulations, where ${E}_{\ensuremath{\omega}}$ and \ensuremath{\omega} are the modulation amplitude of the zero-point energies and the modulation frequency, respectively.