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Chinese Physics Letters

Interference of a Narrowband Biphoton with Double Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in an N-Type System

Peng Chen, Jun Qian, Dong-Yuan Chen, Zhengfeng Hu, Yuzhu Wang

Published Apr 1, 2012• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We predict the possibility of the interference of narrow-band biphotons generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing with double electromagnetically induced transparency configuration in cold atoms. In an N-type four-level system, an auxiliary optical field Ω m can create double transparency windows for anti-Stokes photons. When the slow light effects in the double transparency windows are very strong, two four-wave mixing channels could exist due to the splitting of the phase matching condition. The biphoton generated from the two four-wave mixing channels can cause interference and shows Rabi oscillations in two-photon correlation. This interference mechanism will complement the understanding of interference at the two-photon level.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/29/4/044202

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We predict the possibility of the interference of narrow-band biphotons generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing with double electromagnetically induced transparency configuration in cold atoms. In an N-type four-level system, an auxiliary optical field Ω m can create double transparency windows for anti-Stokes photons. When the slow light effects in the double transparency windows are very strong, two four-wave mixing channels could exist due to the splitting of the phase matching condition. The biphoton generated from the two four-wave mixing channels can cause interference and shows Rabi oscillations in two-photon correlation. This interference mechanism will complement the understanding of interference at the two-photon level.
Tunable Rydberg interactions in cold atoms can be used to generate strongly correlated photon pairs through a spontaneous four-wave-mixing process in which all driving fields are allowed to work on resonance. The scheme relies on electromagnetically induced transparency and an imbalanced dark state with most atoms trapped in a ground state and a weakly populated Rydberg state. We show in particular that the combination of these two effects results in negligible linear absorption and Raman gain at the Stokes and anti-Stokes frequencies of generated photon pairs, while the nonlocal (Rydberg) nonlinearities contribute significantly to the enhancement of photon-pair generation rates and cross correlations at very low pump strengths and optical depths.
We have theoretically analyzed nonclassical paired photons generated spontaneously from a four-level inverted-Y atomic system. We discuss the feasibility of biphoton generation due to different pumping arrangements. Two types of correlated photon pair emissions have been carefully examined: dressed cascade and dressed double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ emissions. In the dressed cascade two-photon emission, the coincidence counting rate may exhibit a damped Rabi oscillation, in contrast with a simple exponential decay feature in the literatures. In the dressed double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration, we show that not only is the temporal correlation of entangled Stokes--anti-Stokes photons in agreement with discussions presented by Wen et al. [Phys. Rev. A 76, 013825 (2007)], but also the oscillation period may be manipulated by altering either the control Rabi frequency or the dressing Rabi frequency or both. All the observed damped Rabi oscillations in the two-photon coincidences result from the destructive interference among the possible four-wave mixing processes occurring in the atom-field interaction system. This feature of the two-photon amplitude is governed by the convolution between the phase matching and third-order nonlinear susceptibility. The methodology adopted here can be applied to other atomic-level configurations and provides a useful tool to study the spectroscopy of the system. The generated narrow-band photon pairs may have potential applications in long-distance quantum communication and quantum information processing.
The interference of degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in three-level systems is examined in both the classical and quantum regimes with a backward configuration. In classical FWM, we find that the phase difference between two indistinguishable FWM transition paths can be varied by different driving laser parameters, and leads to interference in the amplitude and polarization of the generated conjugate field. In the paired-photon generation case, the interference in the nonlinearity disappears because of the time ordering in biphoton generation. However, because of the slow group velocity at the degenerate frequency and polarization, the biphoton-amplitude interference between two Feynman paths can erase the time-ordering information at the detectors. For small group delay, the biphoton correlation, determined by the third-order nonlinearity, shows antibunching and damped Rabi oscillations. For large group delay, where the biphoton bandwidth is determined by phase matching, we show that the biphoton interference leads to a bunching effect. The feasibility of generating polarization entanglement is also discussed.
Biphotons with narrow bandwidth and long coherence time can enhance light-atom interaction, which leads to strong coupling between photonic and atomic qubits. Such strong coupling is desirable in quantum information processing, quantum storage and communication. In particular, paired photons with a long coherence time over submicroseconds facilitate the direct manipulation of biphoton wavefunction. In this paper, we report the narrow-band biphotons with a coherence time of 2.34 μs generated from spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a dense cold atom cloud, in which the anti-Stokes photons go through a narrow electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) window. In our knowledge, this is the best record of coherence time for paired photons achieved so far. A number of factors limiting the coherence time are analyzed in detail. We find the EIT coherence plays an essential role in determining the coherence time for paired photons. The EIT dephasing rate is the ultimate limit to the coherence time, and an ultra-long coherence time above ten microseconds is possible by further improvement of the dephasing rate below 100 kHz.
We demonstrate double electromagnetically induced transparency (double-EIT) and double four-wave mixing (double-FWM) based on a new scheme of non-degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) involving five levels of a cold 85 Rb atomic ensemble, in which the double-EIT windows are used to transmit the probe field and enhance the third-order nonlinear susceptibility. The phase-matching conditions for both four-wave mixings can be satisfied simultaneously. The frequency of one component of the generated bichromatic field is less than the other by ground-state hyperfine splitting (3 GHz). This specially designed experimental scheme for simultaneously generating different nonlinear wave-mixing processes is expected to find applications in quantum information processing and cross-phase modulation. Our results agree well with the theoretical simulation.
Abstract We investigate the parametrically amplified four-wave mixing, spontaneous parametric four-wave-mixing, second- and fourth-order fluorescence signals coming from the four-level double-Λ electromagnetically induced transparency system of a hot 85Rb atomic vapor. The biphoton temporal correlation is obtained from spontaneous parametric four-wave-mixing and fourth-order fluorescence processes. Meanwhile, we first observed the biphoton Rabi oscillation with a background of linear Rayleigh scattering and uncorrelated second-order fluorescence. The outcomes of the investigation may contribute potentially to the applications in dense coding quantum communication systems.