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Lecture notes in computer science

A Hybrid Protocol for Quantum Authentication of Classical Messages

Rex Medeiros, Francisco de Assis

Published Jan 1, 2004• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-540-27824-5_140

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Quantum authentication protocols can be used to authenticate both quantum messages and classical messages.In this paper, a new quantum authentication protocol of classical messages is proposed.In our protocol, a sequence of Bell states is shared by the message sender and the corresponding receiver.This sequence is used as the authentication key.Four different unitary operations U 0 , U 1 , U 2 and U 3 are used to encode a classical message m and its hash value h(m) into a sequence of Bell states.To authenticate the classical message, the message receiver extracts m and h(m) from the qubits owned by himself/herself, and verifies whether h(m) matches m.The adversary's disturbance to the quantum channel can be detected by checking whether h(m) matches m.The transmitted message has the properties of both secrecy and authentication.Our quantum authentication protocol is secure against message attack and no-message attack.
Classical and quantum message authentication protocols were studied. A classical message authenticated encryption protocol based on quantum one-way functions was proposed. It was demonstrated that the proposed protocol was not only a secure encryption scheme, but also a secure authentication scheme. Using the authenticated encryption protocol as a sub-protocol, a quantum message authentication scheme was addressed. Compared with the scheme addressed by BARNUM et al, this protocol economizes the keys shared between two communication parties. The security of the quantum message authentication scheme is also shown.
Quantum authentication protocol can be used to authenticate classical messages in a secure manner. In this paper, by using the cryptographic hash function and non-orthogonal qubits, a quantum authentication protocol of classical messages is proposed. In our protocol, the classical messages and their corresponding tags are encoded as nonorthogonal qubits. The message receiver decodes the classical messages and their corresponding tags from the received qubits by using the authentication key. To verify the validity of the received classical messages, the message receiver verifies whether the hash values of the decoded classical messages are equal to the corresponding tags. Our scheme can be proved to be secure against forgery attack and measurement attack. On the other hand, the authentication key is a binary string, which can be securely obtained and easily saved. What is more, because the authentication key remains secure after executing the authentication protocol, it provides the possibility of reusing the authentication key.