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Journal of Luminescence

Er3+–photon interaction

Michal F. Lipson, T.D Chen, Desmond Rodney Chin Siong Lim, A Luan, Anu Agarwal, Jürgen Michel, Kazumi Wada, Lionel C. Kimerling

Published May 1, 2000• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0022-2313(99)00344-0

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The implementation of scalable quantum networks requires photons at the telecom band and long-lived spin coherence. The single Er3+ in solid-state hosts is an important candidate that fulfills these critical requirements simultaneously. However, to entangle distant Er3+ ions through photonic connections, the emission frequency of individual Er3+ in solid-state matrix must be the same, which is challenging because the emission frequency of Er3+ depends on its local environment. Herein, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the Stark tuning of the emission frequency of a single Er3+ in a Y2SiO5 crystal by employing electrodes interfaced with a silicon photonic crystal cavity. We obtain a Stark shift of 182.9±0.8 MHz, which is approximately 27 times of the optical emission linewidth, demonstrating promising applications in tuning the emission frequency of independent Er3+ into the same spectral channels. Our results provide a useful solution for construction of scalable quantum networks based on single Er3+ and a universal tool for tuning emission of individual rare-earth ions.

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PHOTON-PHOTON INTERACTIONS

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•Aug 1, 1965•0 citations
Spatial-spectral holography using spectral hole burning materials is a powerful technique for performing real-time, wide-bandwidth information storage and signal processing. For operation in the important 1.5 μm communication band, the material Er3+:Y2SiO5 enables applications such as laser frequency stabilization, all-optical correlators, analog signal processing, and data storage. Site-selective absorption and emission spectroscopy identified spectral hole burning transitions and excited state T1 lifetimes in the 1.5 μm spectral region. The effects of crystal temperature, Er3+-dopant concentration, magnetic field strength, and crystal orientation on spectral diffusion were explored using stimulated photon echo spectroscopy, which is the "prototype" interaction mechanism for device applications. The performance of Er3+:Y2SiO5 and related Er3+ materials has been dramatically enhanced by reducing the effect of spectral diffusion on the coherence lifetime T2 through fundamental material design coupled with the application of an external magnetic field oriented along specific directions. A preferred magnetic field orientation that maximized T2 by minimizing the effects of spectral diffusion was determined using the results of angle-dependent Zeeman spectroscopy. The observed linewidth broadening due to spectral diffusion was successfully modeled by considering the effect of one-phonon (direct) processes on Er3+ - Er3+ interactions. The reported studies improved our understanding of Er3+ materials, explored the range of conditions and material parameters required to optimize performance for specific applications, and enabled measurement of the narrowest optical resonance ever observed in a solid-with a homogeneous linewidth of 73 Hz. With the optimized materials and operating conditions, photon echoes were observed up to temperatures of 5 K, enabling 0.5 GHz bandwidth optical signal processing at 4.2 K and providing the possibility for operation with a closed-cycle cryocooler.
The implementation of scalable quantum networks requires photons at the telecom band and long-lived spin coherence. The single Er3+ in solid-state hosts is an important candidate that fulfills these critical requirements simultaneously. However, to entangle distant Er3+ ions through photonic connections, the emission frequency of individual Er3+ in solid-state matrix must be the same, which is challenging because the emission frequency of Er3+ depends on its local environment. Herein, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the Stark tuning of the emission frequency of a single Er3+ in a Y2SiO5 crystal by employing electrodes interfaced with a silicon photonic crystal cavity. We obtain a Stark shift of 182.9±0.8 MHz, which is approximately 27 times of the optical emission linewidth, demonstrating promising applications in tuning the emission frequency of independent Er3+ into the same spectral channels. Our results provide a useful solution for construction of scalable quantum networks based on single Er3+ and a universal tool for tuning emission of individual rare-earth ions.