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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Tailoring Parametric Down Conversion speckle structure toward quantum imaging of weak objects

G. Brida, Alice Meda, Marco Genovese, Ivano Ruo Berchera

Published Sep 5, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Speckle structure 1 of Parametric Down Conversion (PDC) has recently received a large attention due to the relevance in view of applications to quantum imaging. The possibility of tailoring the speckle size by acting on the pump intensity and dimensions is an interesting tool for the applications to quantum imaging and in particular to the detection of weak objects under shot-noise limit. In this paper we report a systematic detailed study of the speckle structure in particular of the one in type II PDC, with attention to its variation with pump beam characteristics (power and radius).

DOI
10.1117/12.793357

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Speckle structure 1 of Parametric Down Conversion (PDC) has recently received a large attention due to the relevance in view of applications to quantum imaging. The possibility of tailoring the speckle size by acting on the pump intensity and dimensions is an interesting tool for the applications to quantum imaging and in particular to the detection of weak objects under shot-noise limit. In this paper we report a systematic detailed study of the speckle structure in particular of the one in type II PDC, with attention to its variation with pump beam characteristics (power and radius).
Speckle structure of parametric down conversion light has recently received a large attention due to relevance in view of applications to quantum imaging The possibility of tailoring the speckle size by acting on the pump properties is an interesting tool for the applications to quantum imaging and in particular to the detection of weak object under shot-noise limit. Here we present a systematic detailed experimental study of the speckle structure produced in type II PDC with particular attention to its variation with pump beam properties.
Speckle structure of parametric down conversion light has recently received much attention owing to its relevance in view of applications to quantum imaging. The possibility of tailoring the speckle size by acting on the pump properties is an interesting tool for the applications to quantum imaging and in particular to the detection of a weak object under the shot-noise limit. Here we present a systematic detailed experimental study of the speckle structure produced in type II PDC with particular attention to its variation with pump beam properties.
Quantum properties of the optical field represent a resource of the utmost relevance for the development of quantum technologies, allowing unprecedented results in disciplines ranging from quantum information and metrology to quantum imaging. Spatial quantum correlations generated by of parametric down conversion (PDC) represents a tool for quantum imaging because they are intrinsically multimode, a requirement for obtaining large degree of correlation over small portions of the beams, allowing to register the spatial structure of an object. In particular a very interesting example is provided by the detection of weak objects, a result that could have important practical applications. The principle of this technique is to take advantage of the correlation in the noise of two conjugated branches of PDC emission: in fact, subtracting the noise measured on one branch from the image of a weak object obtained in the other branch, the image of the object, eventually previously hidden in the noise, could be restored. Here, after a general summary of quantum imaging techniques, firstly we will show how we have reached a sub shot noise regime and then improved this result up to reach a regime where it was possible to achieve the first experimental realisation of sub shot noise imaging of a weak absorbing object.
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy. E-mail:i.ruoberchera@inrim.it Quantum correlations of twin beams represent a resource of great importance for the developments of quantum technologies allowing unprecedented results in quantum information, metrology and quantum imaging. Focusing on the measurement of the photon numbers, spatial multimode correlations beyond the shot noise limit have been experimentally demonstrated by using parametric down conversion (PDC) and CCD camera (both at the single photon level and at higher photon flux) [1], and also with other interesting techniques [2]. One of their natural application is the quantum imaging of weak absorbing objects, showed in Fig.1, with sensitivity beyond the shot-noise-level [3]. The idea consists in measuring the intensity pattern on one branch of PDC, where the object has been inserted, and then subtracting the correlated noise pattern measured in the other branch that does not interact with the object. In our presentation we overview the sub-shot noise imaging protocol mentioned above and other applications where the spatial quantum correlation can give some advantages over the classical ones. As an example, we studied the signalto-noise ratio (SNR) of ghost imaging protocols with quantum and classical light [4]. We realized a ghost imaging experiment in the mesoscopic regime (one thousand of photon per pixel per shot), obtaining substantial quantum enhanced performances (see Fig.1). We also demonstrated that spatial quantum correlations provide the possibility for the absolute calibration of analog and/or photon number resolving detectors, providing the first absolute calibration (without any comparison with reference standards, neither optical source nor detector) of a scientific CCD camera [5]. In this first realization we already reached interesting uncertainty level. All these findings indicate that the control and detection of quantum spatial correlation is a rather mature field and other application to different sensing scenarios can be envisaged.