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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Ultrafast adiabatic population transfer in p-doped semiconductor quantum wells

R. Binder, Markus Lindberg

Published Nov 27, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given.In atomic and molecular physics, coherent optical techniques allowing for almost complete ultrafast transfer of a population between different molecular eigenstates has been developed and refined for many years. One particularly successful scheme is called stimulated Raman scattering by delayed pulses (STIRAP). Within this scheme, it is possible to transfer a population between two nonoptically coupled states by using a third state (which is optically coupled to both the initial and the final state) without actually occupying it, in the end, at all. As for semiconductors, the question arises whether similar techniques can be used to transfer, for example, holes from the heavy-hole (HH) band to the light-hole (LH) band without creating electrons in the process. We have studied this problem theoretically and have identified parameter regimes where we believe the delayed-pulse scheme can be efficiently applied to the HH-LH population transfer.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.1998.680224

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Summary form only given.In atomic and molecular physics, coherent optical techniques allowing for almost complete ultrafast transfer of a population between different molecular eigenstates has been developed and refined for many years. One particularly successful scheme is called stimulated Raman scattering by delayed pulses (STIRAP). Within this scheme, it is possible to transfer a population between two nonoptically coupled states by using a third state (which is optically coupled to both the initial and the final state) without actually occupying it, in the end, at all. As for semiconductors, the question arises whether similar techniques can be used to transfer, for example, holes from the heavy-hole (HH) band to the light-hole (LH) band without creating electrons in the process. We have studied this problem theoretically and have identified parameter regimes where we believe the delayed-pulse scheme can be efficiently applied to the HH-LH population transfer.
In atomic and molecular physics, coherent optical techniques allowing for almost complete ultrafast transfer of a population between different molecular eigenstates has been developed and refined for many years. One particularly successful scheme is called stimulated Raman scattering by delayed pulses (STIRAP). Within this scheme, it is possible to transfer a population between two nonoptically coupled states by using a third state (which is optically coupled to both the initial and the final state) without actually occupying it, in the end, at all. As for semiconductors, the question arises whether similar techniques can be used to transfer, for example, holes from the heavy-hole (HH) band to the light-hole (LH) band without creating electrons in the process. We have studied this problem theoretically and have identified parameter regimes where we believe the delayed-pulse scheme can be efficiently applied to the HH-LH population transfer.
The light-induced adiabatic population transfer of holes from the heavy-hole ( hh\mathrm{hh}hh) to the light-hole ( lh\mathrm{lh}lh) band in p-doped semiconductor quantum wells is investigated theoretically. The exact analog to the population-trapped state (PTS) used in atomic and molecular adiabatic population transfer does not exist in a semiconductor due to the continuum of transition energies and the dynamic light-induced shifts thereof. However, it is found that the population transfer only requires an approximate PTS condition to be fulfilled. As for a possible observation of the effect, the transient creation of a hh\mathrm{hh}hh exciton resonance at the expense of the lh\mathrm{lh}lh exciton is predicted.
Stimulated Raman scattering involving adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a proven technique for population transfer in three-level systems with strong oscillator strengths. We show that the STIRAP process should also yield high transfer efficiencies when the densities of states near the intermediate and final levels are high, provided certain criteria for the experimentally controllable parameters are met. We also show that high transfer efficiencies may even be possible when the pump and Stokes lasers can access levels outside of the three-level system. The criteria are derived with an approach that emphasizes the adiabatic nature of the transfer process in an eigenvector of the interaction Hamiltonian that resembles a trapped state. The results are compared to density matrix calculations.
Ongoing work aimed at developing highly efficient methods of populating a chosen sublevel of an energy level highlights the need to understand off-resonant effects in coherent excitation. This motivated us to re-examine some aspects of the theory of coherent excitation in a three-state system with a view to obtaining algebraic expressions for off-resonant eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Earlier work gives simple closed-form expressions for the eigenvalues this system, expressions applying even when the system is not on two-photon resonance. We present here expressions of similar simplicity for the components of the normalised eigenvectors. The analytic properties of these components explain the observed sensitivity of the stimulated-Raman-adiabatic-passage process (STIRAP) to the condition of two-photon resonance. None of the eigenstates is ‘trapped’ or ‘dark’ unless the system is on two-photon resonance; off resonance, all states have nonzero projections on the unperturbed intermediate state. A simple argument shows that no dressed state can be adiabatically connected to both the unperturbed initial and final states when the system is off two-photon resonance. That is, adiabatic transfer from initial to final state requires that these be degenerate before and after the STIRAP pulse sequence, and this implies zero two-photon detuning. However, substantial transfer probabilities are observed experimentally for very small two-photon detunings. We show that such systems are characterised by very sharp avoided crossings of two eigenvalues, and that the observed population transfer can be understood as an effect of non adiabatic transitions occurring at the avoided crossings.
The authors discuss the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), a method of using partially overlapping pulses (from pump and Stokes lasers) to produce complete population transfer between two quantum states of an atom or molecule. The procedure relies on the initial creation of a coherence (a population-trapping state) with subsequent adiabatic evolution. The authors present the basic theory, with some extensions, and then describe examples of experimental utilization. They note some applications of the technique not only to preparation of selected states for reaction studies, but also to quantum optics and atom optics.
The basic technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for laser-induced adiabatic population transfer between discrete quantum states of an asymmetric double quantum well has been used in our study. The results show that the proper time-delay, overlap, and detuning of two pulses allows the coherent transfer between the states of a double quantum well system, leading to the possibility of implementation of semiconductor–based quantum logic gates and high efficiency optical switches. The impact of phase relaxation on the population transfer efficiency is also studied.