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IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)

Secret Communication in Presence of Colluding Eavesdroppers

Sanchit Goel, Rohit Negi

Published Mar 22, 2006• 116 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the problem of secret communications between two nodes over a wireless link in the presence of multiple passive eavesdroppers which may collude. Both the transmitter and the receiver are assumed to have multiple antennas and the multiple colluding eavesdroppers are modeled by an eavesdropper with multiple antennas. Communication is secret if the eavesdropper is unable to decode the message whereas the receiver can decode the message without making any errors. Thus, we deal with the problem of secrecy in a MIMO scenario. It is shown how the transmitter can use the multiple antennas to add artificially generated noise to the information signal such that the artificial noise only degrades the eavesdropper's channel. Thus, even if the eavesdropper has a 'better' channel than the receiver, secret communication is made possible by selectively degrading the eavesdropper's channel. The secrecy of communication is achieved by exploiting the physical characteristics of the wireless medium and it is independent of the secrecy of channel state information (CSI)

DOI
10.1109/milcom.2005.1605889

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We consider the problem of secret communications between two nodes over a wireless link in the presence of multiple passive eavesdroppers which may collude. Both the transmitter and the receiver are assumed to have multiple antennas and the multiple colluding eavesdroppers are modeled by an eavesdropper with multiple antennas. Communication is secret if the eavesdropper is unable to decode the message whereas the receiver can decode the message without making any errors. Thus, we deal with the problem of secrecy in a MIMO scenario. It is shown how the transmitter can use the multiple antennas to add artificially generated noise to the information signal such that the artificial noise only degrades the eavesdropper's channel. Thus, even if the eavesdropper has a 'better' channel than the receiver, secret communication is made possible by selectively degrading the eavesdropper's channel. The secrecy of communication is achieved by exploiting the physical characteristics of the wireless medium and it is independent of the secrecy of channel state information (CSI)
The broadcast nature of the wireless medium makes the communication over this medium vulnerable to eavesdropping. This report considers the problem of secret communication between two nodes, over a fading wireless medium, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. The assumption used is that the transmitter and its helpers (amplifying relays) have more antennas than the eavesdropper. The transmitter ensures secrecy of communication by utilizing some of the available power to produce ‘artificial noise’, such that only the eavesdropper’s channel is degraded. Two scenarios are considered, one where the transmitter has multiple transmit antennas, and the other where amplifying relays simulate the effect of multiple antennas. The channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be publicly known, and hence, the secrecy of communication is independent of the secrecy of CSI.
Abstract — The problem of secret communication between two nodes over a wireless link is considered, where a passive eavesdropper may overhear the communication. It is desired that the eavesdropper be unable to decode the message. We show that secrecy can be achieved by adding artificially generated noise to the information bearing signal such that it does not degrade the intended receiver’s channel. We consider two different scenarios; one in which the transmitter has multiple transmit antennas and the other in which the transmitter has a single antenna but ‘helper ’ nodes are available. In the multiple antenna scenario, the degrees of freedom provided by the multiple antennas is used to generate noise intelligently so that it degrades only the eavesdropper’s channel. In the multiple helper scenario, even though the transmitter does not have multiple antennas, the helper nodes simulate the effect of multiple antennas and allow the transmitter to generate artificial noise as in the previous case.
The broadcast nature of the wireless medium makes the communication over this medium vulnerable to eavesdropping. This paper considers the problem of secret communication between two nodes, over a fading wireless medium, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. The assumption used is that the transmitter and its helpers (amplifying relays) have more antennas than the eavesdropper. The transmitter ensures secrecy of communication by utilizing some of the available power to produce 'artificial noise', such that only the eavesdropper's channel is degraded. Two scenarios are considered, one where the transmitter has multiple transmit antennas, and the other where amplifying relays simulate the effect of multiple antennas. The channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be publicly known, and hence, the secrecy of communication is independent of the secrecy of CSI.
Security is one of the major issues in wireless communication system. In a wireless communication system as the transmission of information signal is over the air, eavesdroppers may have easy access to the transmitted data. The conventional network security mainly depends on cryptographic schemes. But as the security level increases, computational complexity will be high and cause complex key management problems. In this paper, the problem of secret communication between two nodes in the presence of a passive eavesdropper is considered. In general, nodes with multiple transmit antenna elements can ensure secure communication using directional antenna. In this paper, MIMO channel with multiple transmit antenna elements utilize fraction of the available power to produce „artificial noise‟ for the improvement of secure communication. The artificial noise is generated by the transmitter in such away that it degrades only the eavesdropper‟s channel. The various performance metrics such as bit error rate, channel capacity, optimal power allocation and secrecy rate were analyzed in the presence of non-colluding and colluding eavesdroppers. The obtained simulation results are compared with the existing work that does not use artificial noise. It is inferred from the results that the proposed work achieves improved secrecy rate than the existing work.
Multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless techniques have received tremendous attention as a way to achieve high spectral efficiency in current mobile communication systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) [1]. Due to the broadcast nature of the physical medium, wireless multiuser communications are very susceptible to eavesdropping, and it is critical to secure the transmitted information. In this work, consider the broadcast channel with confidential messages and external eavesdroppers (BCCE), where a multi-antenna base station [2] simultaneously communicates to multiple potentially malicious users, in the presence of randomly located external eavesdroppers. The secrecy capacity is measured in terms of outage probability and provides a complete characterization of the maximum transmission rate at which the eavesdropper is unable to decode any information. Using the proposed model, the secrecy rates is achieved with regularized channel inversion (RCI) precoding and analyzed by performing a large-system analysis where the number of users K and the number of transmit antennas N both grow to infinity in a fixed ratio. Finally an explicit expression for the probability of secrecy outage and the system performance is analyzed in the presence of both colluding and non-colluding eavesdroppers.
We consider the problem of secure wireless communication in the presence of an eavesdropper when the transmitter has multiple antennas, using a variation of the recently proposed artificial noise technique. Under this technique, the transmitter sends a pseudo-noise jamming signal to selectively degrade the link to the eavesdropper without affecting the desired receiver. The previous work in the literature focuses on ideal Gaussian signaling for both the desired signal and the noise signal. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the Gaussian signaling model has important limitations and propose an alternative “induced fading” jamming technique that takes some of these limitations into account. Specifically we show that under the Gaussian noise scheme, the eavesdropper is able to recover the desired signal with very low bit error rates when the transmitter is constrained to use constant envelope signaling. Furthermore, we show that an eavesdropper with multiple antennas is able to use simple, blind constant-envelope algorithms to completely remove the Gaussian artificial noise signal and thus defeat the secrecy scheme. We propose an alternative scheme that induces artificial fading in the channel to the eavesdropper, and show that it outperforms the Gaussian noise scheme in the sense of causing higher bit error rates at the eavesdropper and is also more resistant to constant modulus-type algorithms.