Physical Review A

Oscillator strength measurements of the 5s6s S10→5snp P11 Rydberg transitions of strontium

Sami Ul Haq, Mazhar Ali Kalyar, M. Rafiq, R. Ali, Naveed K. Piracha, Muhammad Aslam Baig

Published Apr 3, 2009• 11 citations

Abstract

We report the experimentally determined oscillator strengths for the $5s6s$ ${^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5snp$ ${^{1}P}_{1}$ Rydberg transitions of strontium using two-step excitation in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. The absolute photoionization cross section from the $5s6s$ ${^{1}S}_{0}$ excited state has been determined by adjusting the polarization vector of the ionizing laser beam parallel, perpendicular, and at the magic angle with respect to that of the exciting dye laser. The measured absolute value of the photoionization cross section $0.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{Mb}$ at the $5s$ threshold is used to extract the $f$ values of the $5s6s$ ${^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5snp$ ${^{1}P}_{1}$ $(26\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}73)$ Rydberg transitions. The oscillator strength in the discrete region merges smoothly to the oscillator strength density at the ionization threshold.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.79.042502

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Physical Review A

Oscillator strength measurements of the 5s6s S10→5snp P11 Rydberg transitions of strontium

Sami Ul Haq, Mazhar Ali Kalyar, M. Rafiq, R. Ali, Naveed K. Piracha, Muhammad Aslam Baig

Published Apr 3, 2009• 11 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We report the experimentally determined oscillator strengths for the

5s6s

{^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5snp

{^{1}P}_{1}

Rydberg transitions of strontium using two-step excitation in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. The absolute photoionization cross section from the

5s6s

{^{1}S}_{0}

excited state has been determined by adjusting the polarization vector of the ionizing laser beam parallel, perpendicular, and at the magic angle with respect to that of the exciting dye laser. The measured absolute value of the photoionization cross section

0.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{Mb}

at the

5s

threshold is used to extract the

f

values of the

5s6s

{^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5snp

{^{1}P}_{1}

(26\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}73)

Rydberg transitions. The oscillator strength in the discrete region merges smoothly to the oscillator strength density at the ionization threshold.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.79.042502

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Photoionization from the 5p 2P3/2 state of rubidium

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Lifetime and oscillator-strength studies involving the (6s6p )3 P1 -(6s7s )1 S0 transition of atomic Yb

Yu Bai, THOMAS W. MOSSBERG

The oscillator strength of the (6s6p ${)\mathrm{}}^{3}$ ${P}_{1}$ -(6s7s ${)\mathrm{}}^{1}$ ${S}_{0}$ transition and the lifetime of the (6s7s ${)\mathrm{}}^{1}$ ${S}_{0}$ state in $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ have been measured to be (8.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ and 45.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 nsec, respectively. The former value was obtained by use of coherent optical techniques (optical nutation and ac Stark splitting), while the latter was obtained by monitoring cascade fluorescence following pulsed excitation.The oscillator strength of the (6s6p${)\mathrm{}}^{3}$${P}_{1}$-(6s7s${)\mathrm{}}^{1}$${S}_{0}$ transition and the lifetime of the (6s7s${)\mathrm{}}^{1}$${S}_{0}$ state in $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ have been measured to be (8.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ and 45.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 nsec, respectively. The former value was obtained by use of coherent optical techniques (optical nutation and ac Stark splitting), while the latter was obtained by monitoring cascade fluorescence following pulsed excitation.

Physical Review AJan 1, 198711 citations

We report the experimentally determined oscillator strengths for the

5s6s

{^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5snp

{^{1}P}_{1}

Rydberg transitions of strontium using two-step excitation in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. The absolute photoionization cross section from the

5s6s

{^{1}S}_{0}

0.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{Mb}

at the

5s

threshold is used to extract the

f

values of the

5s6s

{^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5snp

{^{1}P}_{1}

(26\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}73)

Rydberg transitions. The oscillator strength in the discrete region merges smoothly to the oscillator strength density at the ionization threshold.

We report two-step photoionization studies from the 5

p

{}^{2}

{P}_{3/2}

excited state of rubidium using two dye lasers simultaneously pumped by a common Nd:YAG laser in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. The photoionization cross section at the first ionization threshold is measured as 18.8 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 3 Mb and at excess energies of 0.013, 0.106, 0.229, and 0.329 eV is measured as 15, 13.6, 12.6, and 12.5 Mb, respectively. The measured value of the photoionization cross section at the threshold is used to calibrate the oscillator strengths of the 5

p

{}^{2}

{P}_{3/2}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}

n

{}^{2}

{D}_{5/2}

(22 \ensuremath{\leqslant}

n

\ensuremath{\leqslant} 52) Rydberg transitions.

The ionization of

6sns^{1}S_{0}

Rydberg states of

^{138}\mathrm{Ba}

has been investigated by high-resolution electron spectroscopy. The Rydberg states were excited by two cw dye lasers via the

6s6p^{1}P_{1}

level. The electron spectra show rich structure between 0.025 and 3 eV, largely attributable to collisional (Penning) ionization, photoionization, and autoionizing transitions. The first process might be interpreted as superelastic scattering of the Rydberg electron by optically pumped

\mathrm{Ba}(6s6p^{1}P_{1})

\mathrm{Ba}(6s5d^{1}D_{2})

atoms.

The production of very-high-

n

($n\ensuremath{\sim}300$--500) strontium Rydberg atoms is explored using a crossed-laser-atom-beam geometry.

n

{}^{1}{S}_{0}

and

n

{}^{1}{D}_{2}

states are created by two-photon excitation via the

5s5p

{}^{1}{P}_{1}

intermediate state using radiation with wavelengths of $\ensuremath{\sim}$461 and $\ensuremath{\sim}$413 nm. Rydberg atom densities as high as $\ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ have been achieved, sufficient that Rydberg-Rydberg interactions can become important. The isotope shifts in the Rydberg series limits are determined by tuning the 461-nm light to preferentially excite the different strontium isotopes. Photoexcitation in the presence of an applied electric field is examined. The initially quadratic Stark shift of the

n

{}^{1}{P}_{1}

and

n

{}^{1}{D}_{2}

states becomes near-linear at higher fields and the possible use of

n{}^{1}{D}_{2}

states to create strongly polarized, quasi-one-dimensional electronic states in strontium is discussed. The data are analyzed with the aid of a two-active-electron (TAE) approximation. The two-electron Hamiltonian, within which the Sr

{}^{2+}

core is represented by a semi-empirical potential, is numerically diagonalized allowing the calculation of the energies of high-

n

Rydberg states and their photoexcitation probabilities.

We report on the atom loss spectroscopy of strontium Rydberg atoms in a magnetooptical trap, using a two-photon excitation scheme through the intermediate state

5s5p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{P}_{1}

. Energies of the

5sns{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{S}_{1}

and

5snd{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{D}_{1,2}

Rydberg series of

^{88}\mathrm{Sr}

in the range $13\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}50$ are determined with an absolute accuracy of 10 MHz, including the perturbed region where the

5snd{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{D}_{2}

series couples to the

5snd{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{D}_{2}

series. This represents an improvement by more than two orders of magnitude compared to previously published data. The quantum defects for each series are determined using the extended Rydberg-Ritz formula in the range where there is no strong perturbation. A value of

1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}377\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}012\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}721(10)\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\text{MHz}

for the first ionization limit of

^{88}\mathrm{Sr}

is extracted.

The oscillator strength of the (6s6p

{)\mathrm{}}^{3}

{P}_{1}

-(6s7s

{)\mathrm{}}^{1}

{S}_{0}

transition and the lifetime of the (6s7s

{)\mathrm{}}^{1}

{S}_{0}

state in

^{174}\mathrm{Yb}

have been measured to be (8.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ and 45.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 nsec, respectively. The former value was obtained by use of coherent optical techniques (optical nutation and ac Stark splitting), while the latter was obtained by monitoring cascade fluorescence following pulsed excitation.