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Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Interaction between Atomic Ensembles and Optical Resonators

Haruka Tanji, Ian D. Leroux, Monika Schleier-Smith, Marko Cetina, Andrew T. Grier, Jonathan Simon, Vladan Vuletić

Published Jan 1, 2011• 120 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/b978-0-12-385508-4.00004-8

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Many effects in the interaction between atoms and a cavity that are usually de-scribed in quantum mechanical terms (cavity quantum electrodynamics, cavity QED) can be understood and quantitatively analyzed within a classical framework. We adopt such a classical picture of a radiating dipole oscillator to derive explicit ex- pressions for the coupling of single atoms and atomic ensembles to Gaussian modes in free space and in an optical resonator. The cooperativity parameter of cavity QED is shown to play a central role, and is given a geometrical interpretation. The classical analysis yields transparent, intuitive results that are useful for analyzing applications of cavity QED such as atom detection and counting, cavity cooling, cavity spin squeezing, cavity spin optomechanics, or phase transitions associated with the self-organization of the ensemble-light system.
We propose and analyze a simple method to squeeze dynamically and unconditionally the collective spin of a dilute atomic ensemble by interaction with a driven mode of an optical resonator, as recently demonstrated [I. D. Leroux, M. H. Schleier-Smith, and V. Vuleti\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 073602 (2010)]. We show that substantial squeezing can be achieved in the regime of strong collective ensemble-resonator coupling. The squeezing is ultimately limited either by photon emission into free space or by the curvature of the Bloch sphere. We derive both limits and show where each prevails.
Abstract We investigate a hybrid multi-cavity optomechanical system with interference from a two-level atomic ensemble. The system is composed of three optical cavities and two nanomechanical resonators. A two-level atomic ensemble is filled into the middle optical cavity. The optical cavity located in the middle has two interaction forces with the two outermost optical cavities. What is more, the system also includes various types of interaction relations, which are the couplings of optical cavities with mechanical resonators and the coupling of optical cavity with two-level atomic ensemble. In order to study the optical response of optomechanically induced transparency, we modulate the interaction intensity within the system to obtain different eletromagnetic induced transparent phenomena. It has been found that under the influence of different parameters, the number of transparent windows and the width of transparent windows increase with an increase in the coupling of the optical cavities with atomic ensemble. In addition, as the system parameters change, the transparency points also move. The position of the two outermost transparent points becomes farther apart when the coupling of optical cavity with mechanical resonators increases. Our approach provides a great flexibility for controlling electromagnetically induced transparency. It will have the great potential applications for quantum information processing.