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arXiv:1710.08547 · Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Quantum and Nonlinear Optics in Strongly Interacting Atomic Ensembles

C. Murray, T. Pohl

Published Jan 1, 2016• 46 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/bs.aamop.2016.04.005

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A new type of collective nonlinear coupling is presented via the indirect interaction between an ultracold atomic ensemble and a nanomechanical oscillator. More intriguingly, its interaction strength is enhanced largely with a factor of the atomic number, and thus, reaches a strong coupling regime within current experimental parameters. For the large atomic number, this obtained nonlinear coupling describes the interaction between the phonon and a pair of quasiparticle. Physically, this pair of quasiparticle is excited from the ultracold atomic ensemble when a phonon is emitted and vice versa. Based on these collective excitations, the nonlinear optical processes with the χ(2) term are simulated successfully.
Coupling light to ensembles of strongly interacting particles has emerged as a promising route toward achieving few photon nonlinearities. One specific way to implement this kind of nonlinearity is to interface light with highly excited atomic Rydberg states by means of electromagnetically induced transparency, an approach which allows freely propagating photons to acquire synthetic interactions of hitherto unprecedented strength. Here, we present an overview of this rapidly developing field, from classical effects to quantum manifestations of the nonlocal nonlinearities emerging in such systems. With an emphasis on underlying theoretical concepts, we describe the many experimental breakthroughs so far demonstrated and discuss potential applications looming on the horizon.
Typical schemes for generating correlated states of light require a highly nonlinear medium that is strongly coupled to an optical mode. However, unavoidable dissipative processes, which cause photon loss and blur nonlinear quantum effects, often impede such methods. In this talk, I will report on our experimental implementation of the opposite approach. Using a strongly dissipative, weakly coupled medium, we generate and study strongly correlated states of light. Specifically, we study the transmission of resonant light through an ensemble of non-interacting atoms that weakly couple to a guided optical mode. Dissipation removes uncorrelated photons while preferentially transmitting highly correlated photons, created through collectively enhanced nonlinear interactions. As a result, the transmitted light constitutes a strongly correlated many-body state of light, revealed in the second-order correlation function. The latter exhibits strong antibunching or bunching, depending on the optical depth of the atomic ensemble. The demonstrated mechanism opens a new avenue for generating nonclassical states of light and for exploring correlations of photons in non-equilibrium systems using a mix of nonlinear and dissipative processes.