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Lecture notes in computer science

Error Detection and Authentication in Quantum Key Distribution

Akihiro Yamamura, Hirokazu Ishizuka

Published Jan 1, 2001• 14 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/3-540-47719-5_22

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The one-time pad is an encryption technique that is proven to be unbreakable by an eavesdropper. It relies on a single-use secret key shared between a sender and a receiver, whose length is that of the message to be encrypted. The creation of such a key can be achieved through Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a method based on quantum physics that ensures eavesdroppers' actions can be statistically detected with arbitrarily high probability. It requires a quantum channel for qubit transmission and a classical channel for classical bit transmission. However, the classical channel is generally authenticated by classical means using cryptographic hash functions that are not provably secure. In this paper, we propose for the first time a QKD protocol, based on BB84, that uses quantum error estimation to authenticate both channels. This method relies on the consumption of a smaller pre-shared key, and is provably secure thanks to fundamental results in both information theory and quantum physics.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum message encryption protocols promise a secure way to distribute information while detecting eavesdropping. However, current protocols may suffer from significantly reduced eavesdropping protection when only a subset of qubit are observed by an attacker. The eavesdropping detection is enhanced through a Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT)-based method, and classical-channel hardening using post-quantum or classical authenticated encryption by proposed hybrid QKD framework leveraging recent advances specifically combining a modern security-proof for Twin‑Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD). The key rate, error resilience, and security under realistic channel noise and detector imperfections are analyzed. Therefore, this framework shows better improvement in security towards key rates over longer distances and stronger eavesdropper detection compared to traditional QKD protocols. Hence, this proposed system shows better results interms of accuracy, security and efficiency.
Today, information security plays a key role in communications and exchanges.Until now Various approaches including: Quantum encryption and Quantum key Distribution (QKD), have been utilized for information security, that act based on Quantum Mechanic principles, so that if one tries to hear the information, it will be detected via increasing error rate in receiver part. BB84 is one of secure algorithms in quantum encryption area, bearing less error rate in comparison to other quantum algorithms. The goal of the paper is to improve the algorithms as much as possible in order to defend the attacks. We use a hybrid key to accomplish the task in which we add authentication and time limit beside the QKD key.