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International Conference on Intelligent and Sustainable AI Systems (ICOSAAS)

Quantum Key Distribution based Secure Communication and File Encryption System using BB84 Protocol and AES-GC

M. Sharmila Devi, Chintakunta Rama Poojitha, B Swarajya Lakshmi, B. Sreedhar, Farooq Sunar Mahammad, M. V. Subramanyam

Published Jul 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/icosaas68663.2026.11648974

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The emergence of quantum computing poses a significant threat to classical cryptographic systems, particularly those relying on mathematical hardness assumptions for key exchange. While symmetric algorithms such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) remain efficient and widely deployed, their long-term security ultimately depends on the secrecy of keys. In this paper, we present a hybrid framework that integrates quantum key distribution (QKD) with AES and DES to enhance key security without altering cipher internals. Using the BB84 protocol as the quantum key generator, we implement a simulation-based system in Qiskit and evaluate it against classical pseudo-random key generation.Our methodology covers five phases: establishing AES/DES baselines, generating quantum random keys, implementing BB84 with basis reconciliation and error detection, integrating quantum keys with AES/DES, and benchmarking across varying key sizes and file sizes. Results demonstrate that AES encryption throughput remains stable (around 250–370 MB/s) regardless of key source, while QKD introduces measurable latency in key generation (around 40–110 seconds for 128–256 bits). Importantly, adversarial interference is reliably detected, with 97.3% accuracy in eavesdropper identification.The findings confirm that while classical systems excel in speed and scalability, QKD offers unmatched, physics-backed security assurances. Our study highlights the practicality of hybrid quantum-classical encryption, providing a foundation for secure communication in the post-quantum era.
This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a hybrid encryption framework that combines quantum key distribution, specifically a simulated BB84 protocol, with AES-256 encryption. The system enables secure file encryption by leveraging quantum principles for key generation and classical cryptography for data protection. It introduces integrity validation mechanisms, including HMAC verification and optional post-quantum digital signatures, ensuring robustness even in the presence of quantum-capable adversaries. The entire architecture is implemented in Python, with modular components simulating quantum key exchange, encryption, and secure packaging. Experimental results include visual testing of various attack scenarios, such as key tampering, HMAC failure, and file corruption, demonstrating the effectiveness and resilience of the approach. The proposed solution serves as a practical foundation for quantum-aware cybersecurity systems.