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Laser Physics

Multiphoton Processes in Systems of Rydberg Atoms

Edward A. Manykin

Published Jan 1, 2002• 4 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Multiphoton nonlinear effects and Raman processes of Rydberg systems (Rydberg atom gas or Rydberg matter) by intense laser fields are considered. Some experiments and basic elements of quantum theory of Rydberg matter are briefly reviewed. A correlation between experimental data and theoretical description is made.

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The interaction between Rydberg systems [Rydberg atoms (RA) gas or Rydberg matter (RM)] and coherent light in various frequency bands is considered. It is shown why Rydberg systems possess a greater polarizabilities and, accordingly, linear and nonlinear susceptibilities and strong sensitive to high-1 (circular) Rydberg states in RA and RM. Quantum theory of physical and chemical properties of RA and RM are related with recent obtained results on the optical spectroscopy. The experimental data of Raman processes, wave mixing effects in gas of RA, and their clusters of RM are analyzed. Problem of blueshifts and stimulated electronic laser Raman processes, as well as four wave mixing in RM are discussed.
A brief state-of-art review of the research into the interaction of laser radiation with Rydberg atoms and clusters of Rydberg atoms is provided. The dynamics of various Rydberg species in a high-frequency optical field is described with the use of the quantum-mechanical approach. Experimental data indicating the existence of Rydberg-state species (Rydberg clusters and Rydberg matter) are analyzed. A special emphasis is placed on Raman processes in Rydberg atoms and Rydberg matter created on solid surfaces.
The most important results of study of multiphoton ionization of atoms are reviewed. Discussions are presented of specific features of the process, theoretical methods of description of ionization of atoms in a strong light field, the basic principles of design of experiments in which intense laser radiation is used, results of investigation of direct and resonance processes of multiphoton ionization, and the mutual relation between multiphoton processes (multiphoton excitation and ionization) and various phenomena leading to perturbation of the spectrum of bound states of an electron in an atom under the influence of a strong light field.
The review is devoted to new effects discovered recently in the course of studying the process of nonlinear ionization of atoms in the field of laser radiation—above-threshold ionization, manifestation of multielectron structure of complex atoms, formation of multiply charged ions, tunneling ionization, and emission of short-wavelength radiation. The main experimental data and their theoretical interpretation are presented. A discussion is given of the criteria for the applicability of the lowest non-vanishing order of non-steady-state perturbation theory to the description of the interaction of an atom with the electromagnetic field.
A review is given of experimental and theoretical achievements in studies of multiphoton spontaneous scattering processes in atomic and molecular media. An analysis is made of integral multiphoton scattering, particularly of scattering in statistically inhomogeneous media with short-range quasiorder. A study of the intensity of the noncoherent multiphoton scattering component provides direct information on the nonlinear polarizability of atoms and molecules whilst the coherent component is associated with various atomic and molecular correlation mechanisms. An analysis of the spectra of elastic and inelastic multiphoton scattering processes yields information on the translational and rotational motion of the molecules. In particular, it is possible to measure the higher-order rotational relaxation times and to verify the adequacy of the various stochastic models of molecular motion. Observations of the spectral lines of three- or more-photon scattering, which obeys new selection rules, yield detail on the fine structure of the molecules and their linear and nonlinear vibrations. Examples are given of the most interesting spectra of three- or more-photon scattering in gases, liquids, and crystals obtained in singleand multichannel systems. The stochastic theory of multiphoton scattering in liquids is discussed, using the spherical tensor concept. The derived general expression reduces to known results for certain cases.