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Acta Physica Sinica

Two-photon spectroscopy and Dicke narrowing of a thin atomic vapor film

Yuanyuan Li, Jintao Bai, Guizhong Zhang, Yu Zhou, Zhang Yan-Peng, Gan Chen-Li, (1)宁夏师范学院物理与信息技术系，固原 756000; (2)天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院，天津 300072; (3)西安交通大学电子科学与技术系，西安 710049; (4)西北大学光子学与光子技术研究所,光电子技术陕西省重点实验室，西安 710069

Published Jan 1, 2006• 4 citations

Abstract

One-photon Dick-narrowing absorption spectroscopy from a thin atomic vapor film can be extended to the two-photon case, in which the sub-Doppler absorption structures are obtained in a cascade three-level system. The periodic line shapes of two photon spectroscopy are similar to one-photon case. It is found that Dicke-narrowing is apparent when L/λ=(2n+1)/2 (n an integer, L the film thickness, and λ the wavelength of the probe field)in the case of one-photon process, and this feature is maintained in the case of two-photon process but not in the one-photon process when L/λ=2n/2. Due to the contribution of atom-wall collision in the cell and the pump-probe scheme, a very narrow structure can be obtained when the pump and the probe fields are in counter-propagation regime.

DOI: 10.7498/aps.55.6293

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The unexpected dispersion properties of transmitting wave from a thin vapor of cascade three level atoms confined between two dielectric walls are theoretically discussed.The line shapes exhibit a Dicke-narrowing type sub-Doppler structure as a result of the slowest atoms contribution and the velocity selection in pump-probe regime.It is also found that there is a strong reduction of the group velocity of light shown by the fast variation of the dispersion in the vicinity of resonance.Because of velocity selection,the line-widths are narrower and the reduction of the group velocity is more manifest in counter-propagation regime than they are in co-propagation regime.One also notes that there are two superimposed dispersion curves,the first of which corresponds to the optics pumping,and the other(the steeper) one to possible electromagnetically induced transparency.

Transmission sub-Doppler spectroscopy with confined atomic vapor film between two dielectric walls is theoretically studied. Because of atoms flying from wall to wall, where they get de-excited, the atom-field interaction time is anisotropic so that the contribution of slow atoms is enhanced, a sub-Doppler transmission spectroscopy (Dicke narrowing effect) can be obtained when the thickness of the film is much small or comparable with the wavelength even at small angle oblique incidence. It is feasible to get a sub-Doppler structure in a new region (L < ?/4) in experiments.

The principle of coherent Dicke narrowing in a thin vapor cell, in which sub-Doppler spectral line shapes are observed under a normal irradiation for a $\ensuremath{\lambda}∕2$ thickness, is generalized to two-photon spectroscopy. Only the sum of the two wave vectors must be normal to the cell, making the two-photon scheme highly versatile. A comparison is provided between the Dicke narrowing with copropagating fields, and the residual Doppler broadening occurring with counterpropagating geometries. The experimental feasibility is discussed on the basis of a first observation of a two-photon resonance in a 300-nm-thick Cs cell. Extension to the Raman situation is finally considered.

The absorption spectroscopy of atomic vapor film between two dielectric walls with Fabret-Perot effects eliminated(the second surface is ideally antireflection coated) is theoretically studied.It is found that the line-shapes of absorption exhibit a Dicke-narrowing structure in several cases are strongly modified by the incident angle of the field and the ratio of L/λ,where L is the thickness of the film and λ the incident wavelength.As an example,we also discussed the magnitude and the linewidth of absorption versus the incident angle for L/λ=1/2.

In a thin cell of dilute vapour, the absorption spectrum exhibits sub-Doppler features due to the relative enhancement of the slow atom contribution, with respect to the transient nature of the interaction with moving atoms. For a two-level system in the linear regime, the narrowest response is predicted to be found for a λ/2 thickness, as an effect of the coherent character of the dipole response as early described by Romer and Dicke ( Phys. Rev. , 99 (1955) 532) in the microwave regime. We report here on the direct observation of this effect in the optical regime in an ultra-thin vapour cell. This effect is shown to vanish for a thickness equal to λ, and a revival is observed at 3λ/2, as expected from the predicted λ-periodicity. The experiment is performed on the D 1 resonance line of Cs vapour (λ = 894 nm), in a specially designed cell, whose thickness varies locally.