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انجمن اپتیک و فوتونیک ایران

Quantum Optic Effect of Meta-material Invisibility Cloaking on Spontaneous Emission of an Excited Two-level Atom

Ehsan Amooghorban, Ali Mahdifar, Mina Morshed Behbahani

Published Mar 15, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this paper, in order to investigate the quantum effects of the invisibility cloaks, we study the spontaneous emission of an excited two-level atom in the vicinity of these cloaks and compare our results with the spontaneous emission of the aforementioned atom in the absence of these cloak and the vacuum. Here, the desired cloak is modeled by a large number of the spherical thin layers with constant optical parameters whose values radially increase. Since, the spontaneous emission parameter corresponds to the imaginary part of the Green tensor of the physical system, we extend the presented Green tensor for inhomogeneous and isotropic medium to the anisotropic one, and survey the effect of the layers number of the clock and also the orientation of the atomic dipole moment over the spontaneous emission of the two-level atom.

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As a probe to explore the ability of invisibility cloaks to conceal objects in the quantum mechanics domain, we study the spontaneous emission rate of an excited two-level atom in the vicinity of an ideal invisibility cloaking. On this base, first, a canonical quantization scheme is presented for the electromagnetic field interacting with atomic systems in an anisotropic, inhomogeneous, and absorbing magnetodielectric medium which can suitably be used for studying the influence of arbitrary invisibility cloak on the atomic radiative properties. The time dependence of the atomic subsystem is obtained in the Schrodinger picture. By introducing a modified set of the spherical wave-vector functions, the Green tensor of the system is calculated via exact and discrete methods. In this formalism, the decay rate and as well the emission pattern of the aforementioned atom are computed analytically for both weak and strong coupling interaction, and then numerically calculations are done to demonstrate the performances of cloaking in the quantum mechanics domain. Special attention is paid to different possible orientations and locations of the atomic system near the spherical invisibility cloaking. Results in the presence and the absence of the invisibility cloak are compared. We find that the cloak works very well far from its resonance frequency to conceal a macroscopic object, whereas at near the resonance frequency the object is more visible than the situation where the object is not covered by the cloak.

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In this paper, in order to investigate the quantum effects of the invisibility cloaks, we study the spontaneous emission of an excited two-level atom in the vicinity of these cloaks and compare our results with the spontaneous emission of the aforementioned atom in the absence of these cloak and the vacuum. Here, the desired cloak is modeled by a large number of the spherical thin layers with constant optical parameters whose values radially increase. Since, the spontaneous emission parameter corresponds to the imaginary part of the Green tensor of the physical system, we extend the presented Green tensor for inhomogeneous and isotropic medium to the anisotropic one, and survey the effect of the layers number of the clock and also the orientation of the atomic dipole moment over the spontaneous emission of the two-level atom.
As a probe to explore the ability of invisibility cloaks to conceal objects in the quantum mechanics domain, we study the spontaneous emission rate of an excited two-level atom in the vicinity of an ideal invisibility cloaking. On this base, first, a canonical quantization scheme is presented for the electromagnetic field interacting with atomic systems in an anisotropic, inhomogeneous, and absorbing magnetodielectric medium which can suitably be used for studying the influence of arbitrary invisibility cloak on the atomic radiative properties. The time dependence of the atomic subsystem is obtained in the Schrodinger picture. By introducing a modified set of the spherical wave-vector functions, the Green tensor of the system is calculated via exact and discrete methods. In this formalism, the decay rate and as well the emission pattern of the aforementioned atom are computed analytically for both weak and strong coupling interaction, and then numerically calculations are done to demonstrate the performances of cloaking in the quantum mechanics domain. Special attention is paid to different possible orientations and locations of the atomic system near the spherical invisibility cloaking. Results in the presence and the absence of the invisibility cloak are compared. We find that the cloak works very well far from its resonance frequency to conceal a macroscopic object, whereas at near the resonance frequency the object is more visible than the situation where the object is not covered by the cloak.
As a probe to explore the ability of invisibility cloaks to conceal objects in the quantum mechanics domain, we study the spontaneous emission rate of an excited two-level atom in the vicinity of an ideal invisibility cloaking. On this base, first, a canonical quantization scheme is presented for the electromagnetic field interacting with atomic systems in an anisotropic, inhomogeneous and absorbing magnetodielectric medium which can suitably be used for studying the influence of arbitrary invisibility cloak on the atomic radiative properties. The time dependence of the atomic subsystem is obtained in the Schrodinger picture. By introducing a modified set of the spherical wave vector functions, the Green tensor of the system is calculated via the continuous and discrete methods. In this formalism, the decay rate and as well the emission pattern of the aforementioned atom are computed analytically for both weak and strong coupling interaction, and then numerically calculations are done to demonstrate the performances of cloaking in the quantum mechanics domain. Special attention is paid to different possible orientations and locations of atomic system near the spherical invisibility cloaking. Results in the presence and the absence of the invisibility cloak are compared. We find that the cloak works very well far from its resonance frequency to conceal a macroscopic object, whereas at near the resonance frequency the object is more visible than the situation that the object is not covered by the cloak.
Within the frame of quantum optics we analyze the properties of spontaneous emission of two-level atom in media with indefinite permittivity tensor where the geometry of the dispersion relation is characterized by an ellipsoid or a hyperboloid(hyperbolic medium). The decay rate is explicitly given with the orientation of the dipole transition matrix element taken into account. It indicates that for the ellipsoid case the intensity of the photons coupled into different modes can be tuned by changing the direction of the matrix element and for the hyperboloid case it is found that spontaneous emission in hyperbolic medium can be dramatically enhanced compared to the dielectric background. Moreover, spontaneous emission exhibit the strong directivity and get the maximum in the asymptote direction.
Spontaneous emission of an atom with two close upper levels and one lower level in a multilayer dielectric medium, and quantum interference between transitions from the upper levels to the lower one, are considered. Since the medium is inhomogeneous along the direction normal to the interfaces of the dielectric layers, the vacuum has an anisotropic spatial structure, and quantum intereference between the two decay channels can appear even if the two dipole matrix elements are orthogonal to each other. If the atom is placed in a three-layer dielectric plate cavity, a strong quantum interference similar to that for an atom with two nearly parallel dipole moments in free space arises due to the influence of anisotropic vacuum. Putting the atom in a three-layer dielectric waveguide and a one-dimensional photonic crystal, there appears a strong quantum interference similar to that for an atom with nearly antiparallel dipole moments.
We have theoretically investigated the process of spontaneous emission of initially excited two-level atom inside and outside of ultra-thin dielectric film. Dielectric medium is considered as discrete-continuous system of interacting dipoles. For the solution of this boundary problem of quantum optics we use Heisenberg equations for atomic operators. Mode functions of ultra-thin film are calculated by direct solution of integro-differential field equation. Coordinate dependences of excited state life time are analyzed and it is shown that consideration of near-field effect may essentially change spectral properties of the atoms located at small distances from the surface.
The spontaneous emission spectrum from a four-level atom in a double-band photonic crystal has been investigated. We use the model which assumes three atomic transitions. One of the transitions interacts with the free vacuum modes and the other two transitions couple to the modes of the isotropic photonic band gap (PBG), the anisotropic PBG and another free vacuum. The effects of the fine structure of the lower levels on the spontaneous emission spectrum of an atom are investigated in detail in the three cases. New features of four (two) transparencies with two (one) spontaneous emission peaks, resulting from the fine structure of the lower levels of an atom, are predicted in the case of isotropic PBG modes.