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Chinese Physics

Spontaneous emission spectrum of a four-level atom in a double-band photonic crystal

Jian Wang, Dong Yang, Hanzhuang Zhang

Published Jan 27, 2005• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spontaneous emission spectrum from a four-level atom in a double-band photonic crystal has been investigated. We use the model which assumes three atomic transitions. One of the transitions interacts with the free vacuum modes and the other two transitions couple to the modes of the isotropic photonic band gap (PBG), the anisotropic PBG and another free vacuum. The effects of the fine structure of the lower levels on the spontaneous emission spectrum of an atom are investigated in detail in the three cases. New features of four (two) transparencies with two (one) spontaneous emission peaks, resulting from the fine structure of the lower levels of an atom, are predicted in the case of isotropic PBG modes.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/14/2/018

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The spontaneous emission spectrum from a four-level atom in a double-band photonic crystal has been investigated. We use the model which assumes three atomic transitions. One of the transitions interacts with the free vacuum modes and the other two transitions couple to the modes of the isotropic photonic band gap (PBG), the anisotropic PBG and another free vacuum. The effects of the fine structure of the lower levels on the spontaneous emission spectrum of an atom are investigated in detail in the three cases. New features of four (two) transparencies with two (one) spontaneous emission peaks, resulting from the fine structure of the lower levels of an atom, are predicted in the case of isotropic PBG modes.
The two models of three-level (one upper level and two lower levels, or two upper levels and one lower level) atom embedded in a double-band photonic crystal are adopted. The atomic transitions from the upper levels to the lower levels are assumed to be coupled by the same reservoir which are respectively the isotropic photonic band gap (PBG) modes, the anisotropic PBG modes and the free vacuum modes. The effects of the fine structure of the atomic ground state levels in the model with one upper level and two lower levels and the quantum interferences in the model with two upper levels and one lower level on the spontaneous emission spectrum of an atom are investigated in detail. Most interestingly, it is shown that new spontaneous emission lines are produced from the fine splitting of atomic ground state levels in the isotropic PBG case. The quantum interferences induce additional narrow spontaneous lines near the transition from the empty upper level to the lower level.
In this paper, the probe absorption spectrum of an atom in a double-band photonic crystal have been studied. In the modes, we assume that one of the two atomic transitions in a ?-type atomic system is interacting with free vacuum modes and another transition is interacting with free vacuum modes, isotropic photonic band gap (PBG) modes and anisotropic PBG modes, separately. The effects of the fine structure of the atomic lower levels on the probe absorption spectrum are investigated in detail in the three cases. The most interesting thing is that the two (four) transparencies at one (two) probe absorption peak(s), caused by the fine structure of the lower levels of an atom, are predicted in the case of isotropic PBG modes.
A model of a four-level atom embedded in a double-band photonic crystal (PC) is presented. The atomic transitions from the upper two levels to the lower two levels are coupled by the same reservoir which is assumed in turn to be isotropic PC modes, anisotropic PC modes and free vacuum modes. The effects of the fine structure of the atomic ground state levels and the quantum interference on the spontaneous emission spectrum of an atom are investigated in detail. Most interestingly, it is shown for the first time that new spontaneous emission lines are produced from the fine splitting of atomic ground state levels in the isotropic PC case. Quantum interference induces additional narrow spontaneous lines near the transition from the empty upper level to the lower levels.
Quantum interferences in spontaneous emission from a double V-type four-level atom in a double-band photonic crystal have been investigated. The double V-type transitions from the two upper levels to the two lower levels can interact not only with modes near the edges of a double-band photonic band gap, but also with free vacuum modes. The resulting two types of quantum interferences give rise to not only dark lines, but also a narrow spontaneous line in the spectrum from the transition coupled to the free vacuum modes. The dark lines and narrow spontaneous line are shown to be dependent on the width of the forbidden gap, relative position of the upper levels from the band edges, coupling constants, and initial coherent superposition state of the system.
The spontaneous emission spectrum from a driven three-level atom placed inside a double-band photonic crystal has been investigated. We use the model which assumes the upper levels of the atomic transition are coupled via a classical driving field. The transition from one of the upper levels to lower level couples to the modes of the modified reservoir, and the transition from the other upper level to lower level interactwith the free vacuum modes. The effect of classical driving field on the spontaneous emission spectrum of this latter transition is investigated in detail. Most interestingly it is shown that only in the presence of the classical driving field; there is a black dark line in the spontaneous emission spectrum of free-space transition when the modified reservoir is of the photonic band gap type. This dark line is not seen in the case where the modified reservoir is of the free space type for relatively weak driving field.