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Representations of a Quantum Phase Space with General Degrees of Freedom

Asao Arai

Published Jan 1, 2009• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

For each integer n ≥ 2 and a parameter Λ = (θ, η) with θ and η being n × n real anti-symmetric matrices, a quantum phase space (QPS) (or a non-commutative phase space) with n degrees of freedom, denoted QPS n(Λ), is defined, where θ and η are parameters measuring non-commutativity of the QPS. Hilbert space representations of QPS n(Λ) are considered. A concept of quasi-Schrödinger representation of QPS n(Λ) is introduced. It is shown that there exists a general correspondence between representations of QPS n(Λ) and those of the canonical commutation relations with n degrees of freedom. Irreducibility of representations of QPS n(Λ) are investigated. A concept of Weyl representation of QPS n(Λ) is defined. It is proved that every Weyl representation of QPS n(Λ) on a separable Hilbert space is unitarily equivalent to a direct sum of a quasi-Schrödinger representation of the QPS n(Λ) (a uniqueness theorem). Finally representations of QPS n(Λ) which are not unitarily equivalent to any direct sum of a quasi-Schrödinger representation are described.

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For each integer n ≥ 2 and a parameter Λ = (θ, η) with θ and η being n × n real anti-symmetric matrices, a quantum phase space (QPS) (or a non-commutative phase space) with n degrees of freedom, denoted QPS n(Λ), is defined, where θ and η are parameters measuring non-commutativity of the QPS. Hilbert space representations of QPS n(Λ) are considered. A concept of quasi-Schrödinger representation of QPS n(Λ) is introduced. It is shown that there exists a general correspondence between representations of QPS n(Λ) and those of the canonical commutation relations with n degrees of freedom. Irreducibility of representations of QPS n(Λ) are investigated. A concept of Weyl representation of QPS n(Λ) is defined. It is proved that every Weyl representation of QPS n(Λ) on a separable Hilbert space is unitarily equivalent to a direct sum of a quasi-Schrödinger representation of the QPS n(Λ) (a uniqueness theorem). Finally representations of QPS n(Λ) which are not unitarily equivalent to any direct sum of a quasi-Schrödinger representation are described.
We consider Hilbert space representations of a generalization of canonical commutation relations , where 's are the elements of an algebra with identity , is the imaginary unit, and is a real number with antisymmetry . Some basic aspects on Hilbert space representations of the generalized CCR (GCCR) are discussed. We define a Schrödinger-type representation of the GCCR by an analogy with the usual Schrödinger representation of the CCR with degrees of freedom. Also, we introduce a Weyl-type representation of the GCCR. The main result of the present paper is a uniqueness theorem on Weyl representations of the GCCR.
This paper studies a class of representations (called quadratic) of the canonical commutation relations over symplectic spaces of arbitrary dimension, which naturally generalizes coherent and symplectic (i.e. quasifree) representations and which has previously been heuristically employed in the special case of finite degrees of freedom in the physics literature. An explicit characterization of canonical quadratic transformations in terms of a 'standard form' is given, and it is shown that they can be exponentiated to give representations of the Weyl algebra. Necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for the unitary equivalence of these representations with the Fock representation. Possible applications to quantum optics and quantum field theory are briefly indicated.
A classical theorem of Stone and von Neumann says that the Schrödinger representation is, up to unitary equivalences, the only irreducible representation of the Heisenberg group on the Hilbert space of square-integrable functions on configuration space. Using the Wigner-Moyal transform we construct an irreducible representation of the Heisenberg group on a certain Hilbert space of square-integrable functions defined on phase space. This allows us to extend the usual Weyl calculus into a phase-space calculus and leads us to a quantum mechanics in phase space, equivalent to standard quantum mechanics. We also briefly discuss the extension of metaplectic operators to phase space and the probabilistic interpretation of the solutions of the phase space Schrödinger equation
Relative to an irreducible representation of the canonical commutation relations, convolutions between quantum mechanical operators and between functions and operators are defined, for which the usual Weyl transform acts as a Fourier transform. Basic properties of these operations are developed in close analogy to harmonic analysis on R2n. Using the quantum version of Wiener’s approximation theorem, a natural one-to-one correspondence between the closed, phase-space translation invariant subspaces of classical and quantum observables is established.
Building on earlier work, we further develop a formalism based on the mathematical theory of frames that defines a set of possible phase-space or quasi-probability representations of finite-dimensional quantum systems. We prove that an alternate approach to defining a set of quasi-probability representations, based on a more natural generalization of a classical representation, is equivalent to our earlier approach based on frames, and therefore is also subject to our no-go theorem for a non-negative representation. Furthermore, we clarify the relationship between the contextuality of quantum theory and the necessity of negativity in quasi-probability representations and discuss their relevance as criteria for non-classicality. We also provide a comprehensive overview of known quasi-probability representations and their expression within the frame formalism.
We present a phase space formulation of quantum mechanics in the Schrödinger representation and derive the associated Weyl pseudo-differential calculus. We prove that the resulting theory is unitarily equivalent to the standard "configuration space" formulation and show that it allows for a uniform treatment of both pure and mixed quantum states. In the second part of the paper we determine the unitary transformation (and its infinitesimal generator) that maps the phase space Schrödinger representation into another (called Moyal) representation, where the wave function is the cross-Wigner function familiar from deformation quantization. Some features of this representation are studied, namely the associated pseudo-differential calculus and the main spectral and dynamical results. Finally, the relation with deformation quantization is discussed.