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Physical Review A

Assuring robustness to noise in optimal quantum control experiments (9 pages)

Andreas F. Bartelt

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
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Assuring robustness to noise in optimal quantum control experiments

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Closed-loop optimal quantum control experiments operate in the inherent presence of laser noise. In many applications, attaining high quality results [i.e., a high signal-to-noise $(S∕N)$ ratio for the optimized objective] is as important as producing a high control yield. Enhancement of the $S∕N$ ratio will typically be in competition with the mean signal, however, the latter competition can be balanced by biasing the optimization experiments towards higher mean yields while retaining a good $S∕N$ ratio. Other strategies can also direct the optimization to reduce the standard deviation of the statistical signal distribution. The ability to enhance the $S∕N$ ratio through an optimized choice of the control is demonstrated for two condensed phase model systems: second harmonic generation in a nonlinear optical crystal and stimulated emission pumping in a dye solution.

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Closed-loop optimal quantum control experiments operate in the inherent presence of laser noise. In many applications, attaining high quality results [i.e., a high signal-to-noise (S∕N)(S∕N)(S∕N) ratio for the optimized objective] is as important as producing a high control yield. Enhancement of the S∕NS∕NS∕N ratio will typically be in competition with the mean signal, however, the latter competition can be balanced by biasing the optimization experiments towards higher mean yields while retaining a good S∕NS∕NS∕N ratio. Other strategies can also direct the optimization to reduce the standard deviation of the statistical signal distribution. The ability to enhance the S∕NS∕NS∕N ratio through an optimized choice of the control is demonstrated for two condensed phase model systems: second harmonic generation in a nonlinear optical crystal and stimulated emission pumping in a dye solution.
A relationship is shown to exist between optimally controlled quantum dynamics and field fluctuations, wherein the process of seeking optimal performance assures an inherent degree of system robustness to such fluctuations. Robustness occurs because the optimization process reduces sensitivity to noise-driven quantum system fluctuations by taking advantage of the observable expectation value being bilinear in the evolution operator and its adjoint. The consequences of this inherent robustness are discussed in light of recent experiments and numerical simulations on optimal control of quantum phenomena.