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Zhur. Eksptl'. i Teoret. Fiz.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEORY OF COHERENT SPONTANEOUS RADIATION

V. M. Faǐn

Published Mar 1, 1959• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Some problems relating to the theory of coherent spontaneous radiation are considered. It is shown that the interactton of the particles via the common radiation field leads to a shift in the proper frequencies of the system. (auth)

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In our preceding treatments of the interaction of radiation with matter, we assumed that the electric field is classical. In most cases, this assumption is validated by experiment. There are several instances, however, for which a classical field fails to give experimentally observed results, whereas a quantized field succeeds. This is true, for example, of spontaneous emission, a phenom­ enon which was described phenomenologically in our earlier work (see Chaps. 2 and 7). Another case involves the 2 and 2p \ states in the hydrogen atom, which are predicted to have the same energy not only by the simple theory of Chap. 1, but also by the more sophisticated Dirac theory. In both cases, a classical electric field was assumed. Experimentally, the two levels differ by approximately the Lamb shift, 1057 MHz. A fully quantized treatment of the field and atom system gives impressive agreement with the experimentally observed shift. Derivation of the fluctuations in intensity of a laser near threshold requires the quantum theory o f radiation. In addition there are other problems for which the concept of a “particle,” the photon, is either necessary or convenient. Despite a popular impression to the contrary, however the explanation of the photoelectric effect is not one of these (see Prob. 2-10).
Spontaneous emission may be regarded as a result of the radiation-reaction fields emitted by an atom acting back on the atom itself. It is commonly (and often implicitly) assumed that the frequencies of different transitions in the atom are sufficiently different that the field radiated by one dipole is not in near resonance with any other transition. The “secular assumption” is then made that the field couples back only on the same dipole that originally sent it. In this work we study spontaneous emission without making the secular approximation.
The first order quantum correction is obtained for the characteristics of spontaneous radiation as a functional of a classical trajectory by means of quasi-classical trajectory–coherent states method for relativistic spinless particle in an arbitrary external electro-magnetic field. It is shown that the power of boson radiation coincides up to O (ħ2), ħ → 0 with the power of electron radiation averaged over spin states calculated by the TC-states of the Dirac equation. Certain specific examples are considered on the base of a general formula for the radiation power in the non-relativistic approximation, in particular, an expression for the radiation power in an axially symmetric magnetic field is obtained.