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Large-scale quantum computing with phase Fresnel lenses

Erik W. Streed, B. G. Norton, Justin James Chapman, D. Kielpinski

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Efficient ion-photon coupling is an important component for large-scale ion-trap quantum computing. We propose that phase Fresnel lenses (PFLs) are a favorable optical coupling technology to match with multi-zone ion traps. Both are scalable technologies based on conventional micro-fabrication techniques. Large numerical aperture (NA) PFLs can reduce the readout time for ion qubits and provide good coherent coupling to a single optical mode. From optical characterization of a suitable PFL we predict a coherent coupling efficiency of >0.64%, twice the best experimental efficiency achieved to date. In addition, high NA entanglement fidelity limits can be removed by optical filtering.

Related papers

Scalable, efficient ion-photon coupling with phase Fresnel lenses for large-scale quantum computing

Erik W. Streed, B. G. Norton, J.J. Chapman +1 more

Efficient ion-photon coupling is an important component for large-scale ion-trap quantum computing. We propose that arrays of phase Fresnel lenses (PFLs) are a favorable optical coupling technology to match with multi-zone ion traps. Both are scalable technologies based on conventional micro-fabrication techniques. The large numerical apertures (NAs) possible with PFLs can reduce the readout time for ion qubits. PFLs also provide good coherent ion-photon coupling by matching a large fraction of an ion's emission pattern to a single optical propagation mode (TEM$_{00}$). To this end we have optically characterized a large numerical aperture phase Fresnel lens (NA=0.64) designed for use at 369.5 nm, the principal fluorescence detection transition for Yb$^+$ ions. A diffraction-limited spot $w_0=350\pm15$ nm ($1/e^2$ waist) with mode quality $M^2= 1.08\pm0.05$ was measured with this PFL. From this we estimate the minimum expected free space coherent ion-photon coupling to be 0.64\%, which is twice the best previous experimental measurement using a conventional multi-element lens. We also evaluate two techniques for improving the entanglement fidelity between the ion state and photon polarization with large numerical aperture lenses.

arXiv:0805.2437•Quantum Information and Computation•Mar 1, 2009•13 citations

Imaging of Trapped Ions with a Microfabricated Optic for Quantum Information Processing

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Optical Characterization Of A Phase Fresnel Lens For Trapped Ion Quantum Computing

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To efficiently collect light from ions in a trapped ion quantum computer, a lens with a high numerical aperture is advantageous. Using phase Fresnel lenses with large working distances and high numerical apertures, we can couple a large fraction of the fluorescence from an ion into a single optical propagation mode (TEM00). We have optically profiled a phase Fresnel lens with a numerical aperture of 0.64 and a focal length of 3 mm. A 350ᱵ nm beam waist and a beam quality M2 of 1.08ᰮ05 was measured near the diffraction limit.

•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations

High Efficiency DOEs at Large Diffraction Angles for Quantum Information and Computing Architectures.

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We developed techniques to design higher efficiency diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with large numerical apertures (NA) for quantum computing and quantum information processing.Large NA optics encompass large solid angles and thus have high collection efficiencies.Qubits in ion trap architectures are commonly addressed and read by lasers 1 .Large-scale ion-trap quantum computing 2 will therefore require highly parallel optical interconnects.Qubit readout in these systems requires detecting fluorescence from the nearly isotropic radiation pattern of single ions, so efficient readout requires optical interconnects with high numerical aperture.Diffractive optical element fabrication is relatively mature and utilizes lithography to produce arrays compatible with large-scale ion-trap quantum computer architectures.The primary challenge of DOEs is the loss associated with diffraction efficiency.This is due to requirements for large deflection angles, which leads to extremely small feature sizes in the outer zone of the DOE.If the period of the diffractive is between  (the free space wavelength) and 10 the element functions in the vector regime.DOEs in this regime, particularly between 1.5 and 4 have significant coupling to unwanted diffractive orders, reducing the performance of the lens.Furthermore, the optimal depth of the zones with periods in the vector regime differs from the overall depth of the DOE.We will present results indicating the unique behaviors around the 1.5 and 4 periods and methods to improve the DOE performance.

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2016•1 citation
Efficient ion-photon coupling is an important component for large-scale ion-trap quantum computing. We propose that phase Fresnel lenses (PFLs) are a favorable optical coupling technology to match with multi-zone ion traps. Both are scalable technologies based on conventional micro-fabrication techniques. Large numerical aperture (NA) PFLs can reduce the readout time for ion qubits and provide good coherent coupling to a single optical mode. From optical characterization of a suitable PFL we predict a coherent coupling efficiency of >0.64%, twice the best experimental efficiency achieved to date. In addition, high NA entanglement fidelity limits can be removed by optical filtering.
Efficient ion-photon coupling is an important component for large-scale ion-trap quantum computing. We propose that arrays of phase Fresnel lenses (PFLs) are a favorable optical coupling technology to match with multi-zone ion traps. Both are scalable technologies based on conventional micro-fabrication techniques. The large numerical apertures (NAs) possible with PFLs can reduce the readout time for ion qubits. PFLs also provide good coherent ion-photon coupling by matching a large fraction of an ion's emission pattern to a single optical propagation mode (TEM00_{00}00​). To this end we have optically characterized a large numerical aperture phase Fresnel lens (NA=0.64) designed for use at 369.5 nm, the principal fluorescence detection transition for Yb+^++ ions. A diffraction-limited spot w0=350±15w_0=350\pm15w0​=350±15 nm (1/e21/e^21/e2 waist) with mode quality M2=1.08±0.05M^2= 1.08\pm0.05M2=1.08±0.05 was measured with this PFL. From this we estimate the minimum expected free space coherent ion-photon coupling to be 0.64\%, which is twice the best previous experimental measurement using a conventional multi-element lens. We also evaluate two techniques for improving the entanglement fidelity between the ion state and photon polarization with large numerical aperture lenses.
Trapped ions are a leading system for realizing quantum information processing (QIP). Most of the technologies required for implementing large-scale trapped-ion QIP have been demonstrated, with one key exception: a massively parallel ion-photon interconnect. Arrays of microfabricated phase Fresnel lenses (PFL) are a promising interconnect solution that is readily integrated with ion trap arrays for large-scale QIP. Here we show the first imaging of trapped ions with a microfabricated in-vacuum PFL, demonstrating performance suitable for scalable QIP. A single ion fluorescence collection efficiency of 4.2±1.5% was observed. The depth of focus for the imaging system was 19.4±2.4 μm and the field of view was 140±20 μm. Our approach also provides an integrated solution for high-efficiency optical coupling in neutral atom and solid-state QIP architectures.
To efficiently collect light from ions in a trapped ion quantum computer, a lens with a high numerical aperture is advantageous. Using phase Fresnel lenses with large working distances and high numerical apertures, we can couple a large fraction of the fluorescence from an ion into a single optical propagation mode (TEM00). We have optically profiled a phase Fresnel lens with a numerical aperture of 0.64 and a focal length of 3 mm. A 350ᱵ nm beam waist and a beam quality M2 of 1.08ᰮ05 was measured near the diffraction limit.
We developed techniques to design higher efficiency diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with large numerical apertures (NA) for quantum computing and quantum information processing.Large NA optics encompass large solid angles and thus have high collection efficiencies.Qubits in ion trap architectures are commonly addressed and read by lasers 1 .Large-scale ion-trap quantum computing 2 will therefore require highly parallel optical interconnects.Qubit readout in these systems requires detecting fluorescence from the nearly isotropic radiation pattern of single ions, so efficient readout requires optical interconnects with high numerical aperture.Diffractive optical element fabrication is relatively mature and utilizes lithography to produce arrays compatible with large-scale ion-trap quantum computer architectures.The primary challenge of DOEs is the loss associated with diffraction efficiency.This is due to requirements for large deflection angles, which leads to extremely small feature sizes in the outer zone of the DOE.If the period of the diffractive is between  (the free space wavelength) and 10 the element functions in the vector regime.DOEs in this regime, particularly between 1.5 and 4 have significant coupling to unwanted diffractive orders, reducing the performance of the lens.Furthermore, the optimal depth of the zones with periods in the vector regime differs from the overall depth of the DOE.We will present results indicating the unique behaviors around the 1.5 and 4 periods and methods to improve the DOE performance.