Krylov complexity is an important dynamical quantity with relevance to the study of operator growth and quantum chaos and has recently been much studied for various time-independent systems. We initiate the study of K complexity in time-dependent (driven) quantum systems. For periodic time-dependent (Floquet) systems, we develop a natural method for doing the Krylov construction and then define (state and operator) K complexity for such systems. Focusing on kicked systems, in particular the quantum kicked rotor on a torus, we provide a detailed numerical study of the time dependence of Arnoldi coefficients as well as of the K complexity with the system coupling constant interpolating between the weak and strong coupling regimes. We also study the growth of the Krylov subspace dimension as a function of the system coupling constant.Krylov complexity is an important dynamical quantity with relevance to the study of operator growth and quantum chaos and has recently been much studied for various time-independent systems. We initiate the study of K complexity in time-dependent (driven) quantum systems. For periodic time-dependent (Floquet) systems, we develop a natural method for doing the Krylov construction and then define (state and operator) K complexity for such systems. Focusing on kicked systems, in particular the quantum kicked rotor on a torus, we provide a detailed numerical study of the time dependence of Arnoldi coefficients as well as of the K complexity with the system coupling constant interpolating between the weak and strong coupling regimes. We also study the growth of the Krylov subspace dimension as a function of the system coupling constant.

arXiv:2305.00256Physical review. ENov 28, 202335 citations

Time-dependent N-Level Systems

J. Aliaga, J. L. Gruver, Araceli N. Proto

Springer eBooksJan 1, 19930 citations

Quantum-based solution of time-dependent complex Riccati equations

D. Martínez-Tibaduiza, Carlos González-Arciniegas, Carlos Farina +2 more

Using the Wei-Norman theory, we obtain a time-dependent complex Riccati equation (TDCRE) as the solution of the time evolution operator (TEO) of quantum systems described by time-dependent (TD) Hamiltonians that are linear combinations of the generators of the $\mathrm{su}(1,1)$ , $\mathrm{su}(2)$ , and $\mathrm{so}(2,1)$ Lie algebras. Using a recently developed solution for the time evolution of these quantum systems, we solve the TDCRE recursively as generalized continued fractions, which are optimal for numerical implementations, and establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for the unitarity of the TEO in the factorized representation. The inherited symmetries of quantum systems can be recognized by a simple inspection of the TDCRE, allowing effective quantum Hamiltonians to be associated with it, as we show for the Bloch-Riccati equation whose Hamiltonian corresponds to that of a generic TD system of the Lie algebra $\mathrm{su}(2)$ . As an application, but also as a consistency test, we compare our solution with the analytic one for the Bloch-Riccati equation considering the Rabi frequency driven by a complex hyperbolic secant pulse generating spin inversion, showing an excellent agreement.Using the Wei-Norman theory, we obtain a time-dependent complex Riccati equation (TDCRE) as the solution of the time evolution operator (TEO) of quantum systems described by time-dependent (TD) Hamiltonians that are linear combinations of the generators of the $\mathrm{su}(1,1)$, $\mathrm{su}(2)$, and $\mathrm{so}(2,1)$ Lie algebras. Using a recently developed solution for the time evolution of these quantum systems, we solve the TDCRE recursively as generalized continued fractions, which are optimal for numerical implementations, and establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for the unitarity of the TEO in the factorized representation. The inherited symmetries of quantum systems can be recognized by a simple inspection of the TDCRE, allowing effective quantum Hamiltonians to be associated with it, as we show for the Bloch-Riccati equation whose Hamiltonian corresponds to that of a generic TD system of the Lie algebra $\mathrm{su}(2)$. As an application, but also as a consistency test, we compare our solution with the analytic one for the Bloch-Riccati equation considering the Rabi frequency driven by a complex hyperbolic secant pulse generating spin inversion, showing an excellent agreement.

arXiv:2209.03504Physical Review AApr 14, 20233 citations

Time Dependent Phenomena

Franz Schwabl

Springer eBooksJan 1, 19950 citations

Perturbation Theory for Time-Dependent Quantum Systems Involving Complex Potentials

Jeong Ryeol Choi

We explore how to apply perturbation theory to complicated time-dependent Hamiltonian systems that involve complex potentials. To do this, we introduce a generalized time-dependent oscillator to which the complex potentials are connected through a weak coupling strength. We regard the complex potentials in the Hamiltonian as the perturbed terms. Quantum characteristics of the system, such as wave functions and expectation values of the Hamiltonian, are investigated on the basis of the perturbation theory. We apply our theory to particular systems with explicit choices of time-dependent parameters. Through such applications, the time behavior of the quantum wave packets and the spectrum of expectation values of the Hamiltonian are analyzed in detail. We confirm that the imaginary parts of expectation values of the Hamiltonian are not zero but very small, while the real parts deviate slightly from those of the unperturbed system.We explore how to apply perturbation theory to complicated time-dependent Hamiltonian systems that involve complex potentials. To do this, we introduce a generalized time-dependent oscillator to which the complex potentials are connected through a weak coupling strength. We regard the complex potentials in the Hamiltonian as the perturbed terms. Quantum characteristics of the system, such as wave functions and expectation values of the Hamiltonian, are investigated on the basis of the perturbation theory. We apply our theory to particular systems with explicit choices of time-dependent parameters. Through such applications, the time behavior of the quantum wave packets and the spectrum of expectation values of the Hamiltonian are analyzed in detail. We confirm that the imaginary parts of expectation values of the Hamiltonian are not zero but very small, while the real parts deviate slightly from those of the unperturbed system.

Frontiers in PhysicsJun 5, 202011 citations

\mathrm{su}(1,1)

\mathrm{su}(2)

, and

\mathrm{so}(2,1)

Lie algebras. Using a recently developed solution for the time evolution of these quantum systems, we solve the TDCRE recursively as generalized continued fractions, which are optimal for numerical implementations, and establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for the unitarity of the TEO in the factorized representation. The inherited symmetries of quantum systems can be recognized by a simple inspection of the TDCRE, allowing effective quantum Hamiltonians to be associated with it, as we show for the Bloch-Riccati equation whose Hamiltonian corresponds to that of a generic TD system of the Lie algebra

\mathrm{su}(2)

. As an application, but also as a consistency test, we compare our solution with the analytic one for the Bloch-Riccati equation considering the Rabi frequency driven by a complex hyperbolic secant pulse generating spin inversion, showing an excellent agreement.