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arXiv:2609.38996

Constant Rate Codes with Fully Addressable Transversal T: Good Codes, Sparse Checks

Alexander Meiburg

quant-phSubmitted Sep 30, 2026• Announced Oct 1, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

Recent work by Wills constructed codes with constant rate and transversal $T$. Extending this line of work, we construct asymptotically good CSS codes with \textbf{fully addressable} transversal $T$, permitting selective control over which logical qubits receive a $T$ gate. We also give Pauli-LDPC codes with transversal $T$ and growing distance at vanishing rate; and a protected-subsystem construction with fully addressable transversal $T$, constant protected rate, distance $Ω(\sqrt n)$, and sparse (non-Pauli) checks. More generally, we obtain asymptotically good binary codes with full transversal addressability for every fixed finite-order one-qubit gate, retaining CSS realizations for dyadic phase gates such as $\sqrt T$ and using generally nonadditive codes for rotations such as $R_z(π/7)$. The remaining challenge is to construct asymptotically good Pauli-LDPC codes with fully addressable transversal non-Clifford one-qubit gates.

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22 pages

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Recent work by Wills constructed codes with constant rate and transversal TTT. Extending this line of work, we construct asymptotically good CSS codes with \textbf{fully addressable} transversal TTT, permitting selective control over which logical qubits receive a TTT gate. We also give Pauli-LDPC codes with transversal TTT and growing distance at vanishing rate; and a protected-subsystem construction with fully addressable transversal TTT, constant protected rate, distance Ω(n)Ω(\sqrt n)Ω(n​), and sparse (non-Pauli) checks. More generally, we obtain asymptotically good binary codes with full transversal addressability for every fixed finite-order one-qubit gate, retaining CSS realizations for dyadic phase gates such as T\sqrt TT​ and using generally nonadditive codes for rotations such as Rz(π/7)R_z(π/7)Rz​(π/7). The remaining challenge is to construct asymptotically good Pauli-LDPC codes with fully addressable transversal non-Clifford one-qubit gates.
Designing quantum codes with both transversal non-Clifford gates and good error-correcting parameters is an important goal in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we construct an explicit family of binary CSS codes with constant rate and linear distance that admit fully addressable transversal TTT gates. Specifically, any prescribed tensor product of logical powers of TTT is implemented by a tensor product of physical powers of TTT, without any subsequent correction. Our construction combines algebraic-geometry codes with suitable binary embedding to obtain generalized divisibility of binary codes. This divisibility then enables fully addressable transversal TTT gates. Furthermore, we formulate the minimum binary embedding length problem as a minimum-weight problem over an affine space and numerically improve the constants in the asymptotic rate and relative-distance bounds.
In this work, we study quantum CSS codes with transversal TTT gates. Here, TTT gate transversality is meant in the strongest sense; the application of physical TTT to every physical qubit yields logical TTT on every logical qubit, without Clifford corrections. Despite the importance of the TTT gate in fault-tolerant quantum computation, the parameters of asymptotic families of such codes have not been improved since the work of Hastings and Haah in 2017, and Haah in 2018. In this work, we significantly broaden the achievable parameters of quantum code families with transversal TTT gates, both expanding the regime of achievable polynomial rate and distance, and constructing such codes with constant rate and growing distance; this is the first time the latter has been achieved, even when allowing Clifford corrections after the transversal TTT gate. These are also the first codes achieving γ→0γ\to 0γ→0 for a code with a transversal TTT gate, where γγγ is the overhead exponent of magic state distillation. To do this, we develop a framework of divisible decreasing monomial codes, punctured at a downward-closed set on the Boolean hypercube to create logical qubits. We prove a closed-form expression for the distance of such a code punctured at such a set, which may be of independent interest. We first instantiate this with an explicit construction based on weighted Reed-Muller codes, puncturing at low Hamming-weight points, and then with a randomised construction, where a small random set of points is protected from the puncturing to save quantum code distance, achieving improved parameters.
Constructing quantum codes with good parameters and useful transversal gates is a central problem in quantum error correction. In this paper, we continue our work in arXiv:2502.01864 and construct the first family of asymptotically good quantum codes (over qubits) supporting transversally addressable non-Clifford gates. More precisely, given any three logical qubits across one, two, or three codeblocks, the logical CCZ\mathsf{CCZ}CCZ gate can be executed on those three logical qubits via a depth-one physical circuit of CCZ\mathsf{CCZ}CCZ gates. This construction is based on the transitive, iso-orthogonal algebraic geometry codes constructed by Stichtenoth (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 2006). This improves upon our construction from arXiv:2502.01864, which also supports transversally addressable CCZ\mathsf{CCZ}CCZ gates and has inverse-polylogarithmic rate and relative distance.
This paper introduces a framework for constructing Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes that support fault-tolerant logical transversal ZZZ-rotations. Using this framework, we obtain asymptotically good CSS codes that fault-tolerantly realize the logical transversal Clifford group (i.e., transversal single-qubit Clifford gates are realized within a single code block, while transversal two-qubit Clifford gates are realized across two identical code blocks). Furthermore, investigating CSS-T codes, we: (a) demonstrate asymptotically good CSS-T codes wherein the transversal TTT realizes the logical transversal S†S^{\dagger}S†; (b) show that the condition C2∗C1⊆C1⊥C_2 \ast C_1 \subseteq C_1^{\perp}C2​∗C1​⊆C1⊥​ is necessary but not sufficient for CSS-T codes; and (c) revise the characterizations of CSS-T codes wherein the transversal TTT implements the logical identity and the logical transversal TTT, respectively.
We study the structure and transversal logical capabilities of stabilizer quantum error correcting codes. Among our results, we identify universal lower bounds on circuit depth to generate a full logical Clifford algebra, and develop novel constructions of logical transversal gates including a new depth-one transversal phase S‾\mathrm{\overline{S}}S gate in the rotated surface code and a depth-one intra-block CZ‾\mathrm{\overline{CZ}}CZ gate in the 2D-toric code that generalizes to all odd distances and all lengths L≥3L\ge3L≥3, respectively. Finally, we construct a high-rate non-LDPC CSS code family with parameters [[n,n,Θ(nβ)]][[n,\sqrt{n},Θ({n^β})]][[n,n​,Θ(nβ)]] where β≈0.2823β\approx 0.2823β≈0.2823 in one demonstrated case, that provably possesses a constant-depth complete 2-local transversal logical Clifford basis instruction set architecture (ISA) composed of all individually targeted S‾\mathrm{\overline{S}}S, SHS‾=X\mathrm{\overline{SHS}} = \sqrt{X}SHS=X​, and CZ‾\mathrm{\overline{CZ}}CZ gates. This ISA is depth-one for certain subfamilies that we design and generally constant-depth under certain conditions. The code family is built from a small code with parameters [[n0,2,d0]][[n_0, 2, d_0]][[n0​,2,d0​]], and is tunable in the standard way: it tiles out to form utility-scale logical qubit counts, and it scales up through concatenation to achieve higher distances and error suppression. We show that this construction preserves the depth-one complete transversal logical Clifford basis ISA when composed with these commuting construction actions, inheriting structure from the core codes so that at scale the complete logical Clifford basis ISA remains depth-one up to depth-two addressable operations between tiled cores. We call these Quantum Logic Codes.
We give an asymptotically good family of quantum CSS codes on qubits with a transversal CCZ gate, meaning that the parallel logical CCZ on all logical qubits is performed by parallel physical CCZs on (a subset of) physical qubits. The construction is based on the observation that any classical code satisfying a multiplication property can be used to construct a quantum CSS code with transversal (qudit) CCZ. To obtain a constant-rate and linear-distance family, we then instantiate this construction with a classical good family of algebraic-geometry codes on a non-binary, but constant-sized, alphabet. Finally, we use a technique from the arithmetic secret sharing literature to reduce the alphabet to binary. As a corollary, the constructed code family provides a magic state distillation scheme with constant space overhead.