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arXiv:2609.30875

Quantum-circuit simulation of three-flavor neutrino oscillations: vacuum, matter, and CP diagnostics

Daming Li

quant-phSubmitted Sep 25, 2026• Announced Sep 28, 2026• 0 citations• Revised Oct 3, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Sep 25, 2026v2 · Oct 3, 2026
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We simulate three-flavor neutrino oscillations on two-qubit quantum circuits. The flavor space is embedded as $\ket{00}=ν_e$, $\ket{01}=ν_μ$, $\ket{10}=ν_τ$ with the $\ket{11}$ channel kept inert, and the input mixing parameters (NuFIT~5.3, normal ordering, with SK-atm) follow the global fit. We verify three physical settings against analytic or exact references: vacuum propagation, reproduced by a mass-eigenstate phase circuit to $\sim 10^{-16}$; constant-density Mikheev--Smirnov--Wolfenstein (MSW) matter effects, showing resonant flavor conversion when the matter potential $A$ crosses $Δm^2_{31}$; and varying-density (supernova shock-shell) propagation by slicing plus second-order Suzuki--Trotter splitting, with per-slice Trotter error $\sim 10^{-6}$ and total accuracy $\sim 10^{-4}$ against the continuous profile. We report a Suzuki--Trotter precision--resource calibration varying order, step number, and matrix/probability error. It delimits brute-force Trotterization on solar baselines: we quantify both standard alternatives, coherence averaging and adiabatic MSW. We also compute quantum-information diagnostics from the same model parameters, namely mode entanglement and the CP asymmetry. Finally, we extend the framework to open quantum systems via a Lindblad master equation with dephasing and absorptive channels. These results provide a reproducible link between low-energy oscillation observables and quantum-information measures.

Comments
18 pages, 10 figures

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We present a quantum-information-theoretic study of three-flavor neutrino oscillations in long-baseline experiments by mapping flavor states to qubit-like representations and quantifying quantum correlations through total concurrence. The local minima of this entanglement measure identify energy regions where the flavor state is closest to separability, enabling cleaner extraction of oscillation parameters. We explain how these local minima offer opportunities for precision measurements and provide insight into the accurate determination of neutrino oscillation parameters. We then propose a strategy to improve parameter extraction by aligning the benchmark oscillation regions of NOνννA and T2K with the minimum entanglement achievable in each experiment. This shifts the concurrence minima toward higher-event-count energy regions, leading to tighter constraints and reducing the tension arising from their different energy regimes. For normal ordering, we obtain (0.581−0.0150+0.0136,195−32+38 ∘)(0.581^{+0.0136}_{-0.0150},195^{+38}_{-32}\,^\circ)(0.581−0.0150+0.0136​,195−32+38​∘) in the (sin⁡2θ23,δCP)(\sin^2θ_{23},δ_{\rm CP})(sin2θ23​,δCP​) plane and (0.580−0.0153+0.0140,2.515−0.0344+0.0344×10−3 eV2)(0.580^{+0.0140}_{-0.0153},2.515^{+0.0344}_{-0.0344}\times10^{-3}\,\mathrm{eV}^2)(0.580−0.0153+0.0140​,2.515−0.0344+0.0344​×10−3eV2) in the (sin⁡2θ23,Δm312)(\sin^2θ_{23},Δm^2_{31})(sin2θ23​,Δm312​) plane, yielding improved joint constraints. Using GLoBES simulations together with real data, we assess how local minima of quantum correlations influence leptonic CP-violation sensitivity, θ23θ_{23}θ23​ octant-degeneracy resolution, and mass-ordering determination. Our results show that minimizing entanglement can significantly affect these key sensitivities, highlighting quantum information measures as complementary probes of neutrino flavor oscillations and offering new insight into the role of quantum correlations in precision neutrino physics.