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arXiv:2608.01989

Coarse-Graining and Long-Range Response in Generated Systems

Jinku Guo

hep-thquant-phSubmitted Aug 3, 2026• Announced Aug 4, 2026• Revised Oct 23, 2026 (v4)
v1 · Aug 3, 2026v2 · Aug 4, 2026v3 · Sep 14, 2026v4 · Oct 23, 2026
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Abstract

We study when a reduced description preserves the response to an applied source. For systems defined by continuously differentiable state updates and observations a bounded surjective linear coarse map gives differentiable descent when the projected maps are constant on each fibre. Their common source response is then preserved on the invertible domain. For approximate descent an exact error identity separates defects in the update and source coupling from defects in the readout and direct term. Resolvent and contour estimates carry these errors and the displacement of the reference branch to visible poles and their residues at shifted critical roots. In a reciprocal Hilbert-space realisation an isolated finite-dimensional critical subspace with a positive crossing matrix has a positive-semidefinite finite-rank residue when the endpoint operator is self-adjoint and the complementary inverse is bounded. Source overlap determines its visible directions. Arithmetic and reflecting-heat examples separate stationary response preservation from memoryless dynamical closure. In the two-mode example pole displacement decays geometrically with the retained memory length. The residue error includes an additional factor of that length. For a matched vacuum covariance the residue is the zero-mass atom of its positive spectral measure. This identification uses the same physical projection and source pairing together with the continuation and subtraction conventions and endpoint matching.

Comments
80 pages, no figures

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Because the subject is both foundational and technically consequential, readers professionally engaged in quantum foundations, mathematical physics, quantum measurement, or related fields are encouraged to consult both versions: the earlier version preserves the developmental route, whereas the present version gives the substantially expanded and reorganized reconstruction. ## Keywords Axiomatic quantum mechanics; finite particle histories; retarded Green functions; Schrödinger equation; Dirac equation; Born rule; topological spin; quantum measurement; non-Markovian dynamics; classical limit.
Does a sequence of quantum coarse-grainings depend only on its initial and final resolutions, or can the intermediate route remain operationally observable? We study finite-dimensional closed systems whose coarse descriptions are partitions of a fixed orthogonal fine decomposition. Each partition defines a non-selective L\"uders channel, and a monotone coarse-graining path alternates unitary evolution with nested L\"uders maps. Although all projectors commute at equal time, we exhibit a four-state example in which two paths with identical endpoints give final coarse probabilities 3/83/83/8 and 5/85/85/8. We show that arbitrary saturated merge paths are connected by two rank-two local moves, so local channel equality is sufficient for global monotone confluence. For each local comparison we derive an all-time necessary-and-sufficient microscopic criterion: the path defect vanishes exactly when Hamiltonian evolution never generates a coherence sector selected by the difference of the intermediate L\"uders maps. Equivalently, no local source block can dynamically feed both ends of a selected coherence pair. The first nonzero order is determined by a two-arm Hamiltonian--Krylov distance. Finally, we distinguish hereditary confluence from fixed-source confluence, where a nonzero local defect can remain inaccessible from the chosen global source. These results characterize when the history of changing coarse resolutions may be removed from an endpoint-based operational description.
Effective descriptions are usually constructed after separating a system into observable and hidden sectors. When this decomposition itself varies with time or with an external parameter, ordinary differentiation mixes changes of the full operator with changes caused purely by the motion of the underlying subspaces. This work develops a covariant theory of response reduction for moving subspaces of a Hilbert space. Geometric transport is combined with operator reduction so that intrinsic variation of the system can be distinguished from variation induced by the moving visible–hidden splitting. The reduced response is then followed beyond a single instant, retaining information carried by its accumulated history. The analysis separates endpoint response, path-dependent correlations, and geometric memory. These objects need not determine one another. Singular transitions in the effective carrier and regulated families approaching such transitions are also incorporated into the same framework. The central conclusion is that an instantaneous reduced operator contains less information than the process by which it was obtained. Correlations between different stages of the evolution and geometric memory of the moving subspace remain invisible to purely local or scalar descriptions.
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