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arXiv:2607.29297

Weak Bose-Einstein condensation in a rigidly rotating magnetized charged Bose gas

E. Siri, Néda Sadooghi A

Published Jul 31, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

We investigate the weak Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) scenario of a noninteracting charged Bose gas simultaneously subjected to a strong magnetic field and rigid rotation. Using standard methods of finite-temperature quantum field theory and the generalized Fock-Schwinger formalism, we derive the corresponding thermodynamic potential in the nonrelativistic and lowest Landau level approximations. An appropriate modification of the effective chemical potential yields a consistent thermodynamic description and naturally introduces a magnetorotational fugacity. Within the high-temperature approximation, rigid rotation enters the thermodynamics solely through the Tolman-Ehrenfest local temperature. We demonstrate that rigid rotation does not qualitatively modify the weak BEC scenario induced by Landau quantization. The magnetorotational fugacity remains below unity throughout the phenomenologically relevant temperature range, while the continuous evolution of the ground state population and the absence of a singularity in the specific heat provide complementary signatures of the persistence of weak BEC. We further study the thermodynamic properties of the system under conditions relevant to quark-gluon plasma and neutron-star matter. We show that rotational effects are much more pronounced in the former. Our analysis reveals a new magnetic response to rigid rotation: while magnetic fields enhance diamagnetism, rotation drives it toward paramagnetism. This behavior reflects a competition between magnetic quantization and rotational orbital motion, emphasizing the role of rotation in shaping the magnetic response of bosonic matter.

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2607.29297

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Abstract We address the thermodynamic properties of a rotating Bose gas in a 3D space in the rapid rotation regime. In such a rotation regime, the 3D system has the shape of a flat pancake and shows exotic features that can never be found in the original system. Using the semi-classical approximation, the temperature dependence of the magnetization of rotating Bose gas is investigated. In the degenerate limit, the system does not show a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) phase transition at a definite transition temperature. However, it exhibits a large Landau diamagnetism at low temperatures, which diminishes as the speed of rotation decreases. Our findings are compared with the previous results.

We present closed-form, analytical expressions for the thermodynamic properties of an ideal, two-dimensional (2D) charged Fermi or Bose gas in the presence of a uniform magnetic field of arbitrary strength. We consider both the homogeneous quantum gas (in which case our expressions are exact) and the inhomogeneous gas within the local-density approximation. Our results for the Fermi gas are relevant to the current-density-functional theory of low-dimensional electronic systems in magnetic fields. For a 2D charged Bose gas (CBG) in a homogeneous magnetic field, we show that the uniform system undergoes a sharp transition at a critical temperature ${T}_{c}^{\ensuremath{\star}},$ below which there is a macroscopic occupation of the lowest Landau level. An examination of the one-body density matrix, however, reveals the absence of long-range order, thereby indicating that the transition cannot be interpreted to a Bose-Einstein condensate. Nevertheless, for $T<{T}_{c}^{\ensuremath{\star}}$ and weak magnetic fields, the system still exhibits magnetic properties which are practically indistinguishable from those of a condensed, superconducting CBG. We therefore conclude that while a condensate is a sufficient condition for the ideal CBG to exhibit a superconducting state, it may not be a necessary condition.