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arXiv:2607.04363

Purcell effect and quantum Zeno effect suppressed self-discharging of quantum battery

Da-Wei Liu, Guoqing Tian, Zi-Hao Li, Shi-Qi Gan, Ying Wu, Liu-Gang Si

quant-phSubmitted Jul 5, 2026• Announced Jul 7, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum batteries (QB), as an energy storage and transfer device, not only show obvious advantages compared to classical electrochemical batteries, but also have important applications in quantum information. Self-discharging is a central obstacle to storing useful work in open QB, especially when the charger itself provides an unavoidable loss channel. Here we show that such charger-induced loss can be converted into a protection mechanism by combining Purcell effect with quantum Zeno effect. We reveal that the virtual photon process and the Purcell effect can induce the strong coupling regime to the quantum Zeno regime, in which the stronger the dissipation of the charger, the weaker the self-discharging effect of the QB. As a result, the dissipation caused by the charger to the QB can be suppressed four orders of magnitude in our scheme. Meanwhile, the quantum Zeno effect induced by the Purcell effect can also avoid the energy backflow between the QB and the charger. Owing to the significantly suppressed dissipation, the stored energy of QB can be charged to a nearly full state and the stored energy is almost converted into extractable work, which greatly improves the energy conversion efficiency.

Comments
8 pages, 3 figures

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Quantum batteries (QB), as an energy storage and transfer device, not only show obvious advantages compared to classical electrochemical batteries, but also have important applications in quantum information. Self-discharging is a central obstacle to storing useful work in open QB, especially when the charger itself provides an unavoidable loss channel. Here we show that such charger-induced loss can be converted into a protection mechanism by combining Purcell effect with quantum Zeno effect. We reveal that the virtual photon process and the Purcell effect can induce the strong coupling regime to the quantum Zeno regime, in which the stronger the dissipation of the charger, the weaker the self-discharging effect of the QB. As a result, the dissipation caused by the charger to the QB can be suppressed four orders of magnitude in our scheme. Meanwhile, the quantum Zeno effect induced by the Purcell effect can also avoid the energy backflow between the QB and the charger. Owing to the significantly suppressed dissipation, the stored energy of QB can be charged to a nearly full state and the stored energy is almost converted into extractable work, which greatly improves the energy conversion efficiency.
As a quantum thermodynamic device that utilizes quantum systems for energy storage and delivery, the quantum battery (QB) is expected to offer revolutionary advantages in terms of increasing the charging power and the extractable work by using quantum resources. However, the ubiquitous decoherence in the microscopic world inevitably forces the QB to spontaneously lose its stored energy. This is called the self-discharging of the QB and severely limits its realization. We propose a QB scheme based on the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, where the electronic spin serves as the QB. Inspired by our finding that the coherent ergotropy decays more slowly than the incoherent ergotropy, we reveal a mechanism to enhance the inherent robustness of the QB to the self-discharging by improving the ratio of coherent ergotropy to total ergotropy. The unique hyperfine interaction between the electron and the native ^{14}N nucleus in our scheme allows one to coherently optimize this ratio. Mitigating the self-discharging and optimizing the extractable work simultaneously, our results pave the way for the practical realization of the QB.
Quantum battery (QB) is an application of quantum thermodynamics which uses quantum effects to store and transfer energy, overcoming the limitations of classical batteries and potentially improving the QB's performance. However, due to the interaction with the external environment, it leads to decoherence and thus reduces both the lifetime and the charging efficiency of QB. Here, we propose suppressing the environmental dissipation in the energy-storage process of the QB by exploiting both the electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) effect and bound states. By constructing a hybrid system composed of a four-level atom and a coupled-cavity array, two bound states are formed in the system when the energy of the QB is in the energy band of the cavity array. Environmental dissipation is significantly inhibited due to the bound state and EIT effects, which extends the lifetime of the QB. We show that the charging efficiency of the QB is optimal when the energy of the QB is in resonance with the cavity. In addition, there is an optimal coupling strength between the two adjacent cavities, which helps to improve the performance of the QB. Our research has achieved the realization of long-term energy storage while improving the charging efficiency of QB, which has practical implications for the realization of QB.
The quantum battery (QB) makes use of quantum effects to store and supply energy, which may outperform its classical counterpart. However, there are two challenges in this field. One is that the environment-induced decoherence causes the energy loss and aging of the QB, the other is that the decreasing of the charger-QB coupling strength with increasing their distance makes the charging of the QB become inefficient. Here, we propose a QB scheme to realize a remote charging via coupling the QB and the charger to a rectangular hollow metal waveguide. It is found that an ideal charging is realized as long as two bound states are formed in the energy spectrum of the total system consisting of the QB, the charger, and the electromagnetic environment in the waveguide. Using the constructive role of the decoherence, our QB is immune to the aging. Additionally, without resorting to the direct charger-QB interaction, our scheme works in a way of long-range and wireless-like charging. Effectively overcoming the two challenges, our result supplies an insightful guideline to the practical realization of the QB by reservoir engineering.
Exploiting quantum effects for energy storage, quantum batteries (QBs) offer compelling advantages over conventional ones in terms of superior energy density, ultrafast charging, and high conversion efficiency. However, their realization is hampered by decoherence, which causes incomplete charging, rapid self-discharging, and reduced extractable work. Here, we propose a QB architecture based on a chiral magnonic platform. It comprises two yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres, one serving as the charger and the other as the QB, coupled to a waveguide. The unique chiral coupling between magnons and the guided electromagnetic fields breaks inversion symmetry, inducing both nonreciprocal energy flow and coherent interference between the charger and QB. Their synergy endows our QB with a 34-fold increase in energy capacity and a 55-fold boost in extractable work compared to its achiral counterpart in an experimentally accessible regime. Our scheme harnesses the decoherence from the electromagnetic fields and turns its destruction into an asset, which enables the robustness and wireless-like remote charging features of the QB. Our analysis reveals that these extraordinary capabilities stem from quantum coherence. By establishing chirality as a useful quantum resource, our work paves a viable path toward the realization of QBs.
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Abstract The performance of quantum technologies that use entanglement and coherence as a resource is highly limited by the effects of decoherence due to their interaction with some environment. In particular, it is important to take into account situations where such devices unavoidably interact with surrounding. Here, we study memory effects on energy and ergotropy of quantum batteries in the framework of open system dynamics, where the battery and charger are individually allowed to access a bosonic environment. Our investigation shows that the battery can be fully charged as well as its energy can be preserved for long times in non-Markovian dynamics compared with Markovian dynamics. Moreover, the non-Markovianity increase makes it possible to extract the total stored energy as work and the discharge time becomes longer. Our results indicate that memory effects can play a significant role in improving the performance of quantum batteries.