Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2606.31243

Absorption capacity of separable noise: Bell-mixing thresholds on separability and teleportation

Xuan Du Trinh

quant-phSubmitted Jun 30, 2026• Announced Jul 1, 2026• 0 citations
v1 · Jun 30, 2026v2 · Jul 4, 2026v3 · Jul 15, 2026
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study Bell-mixing lines $ρ_λ=λΦ^+ +(1-λ)σ$, where $Φ^+$ is a fixed Bell reference and $σ$ is a separable two-qubit noise state. Along this line there are two operational crossings: the state becomes entangled, and it reaches quantum teleportation advantage over classical strategies. We package these crossings as capacities of the noise state. The entanglement absorption capacity $C_{\rm abs}(σ)$ is the largest amount of Bell reference that $σ$ can absorb while the partial transpose remains positive. The fidelity absorption capacity $C_F(σ)$ is the largest amount of Bell reference that $σ$ can absorb while keeping the maximal teleportation fidelity at or below the classical bound $2/3$. The thresholds corresponding to the two crossing points are obtained from the same Möbius map, $λ_* = C_{\rm abs}/(1+C_{\rm abs})$ and $λ_F = C_F/(1+C_F)$. We derive closed-form capacities and thresholds for product noise states and separable complex $X$ noise states. For product noise, $C_{\rm abs}$ depends only on local marginal purities, while $C_F$ also depends on orientation relative to the maximally entangled reference. For $X$ noise states, both capacities are explicit in all four Bell frames. We also study three extensions: arbitrary pure-state references, the evolution of $X$ noise states and their capacities under local amplitude-damping and dephasing channels, and decomposition certificates that give lower bounds on the capacities, hence on the thresholds, for general separable noise.

Related papers

Operational thresholds of Bell mixtures with complex X noise

Xuan Du Trinh

Noisy Bell mixtures may carry entanglement, standard teleportation usefulness, projective-measurement steerability, and optimized Cavalcanti-Jones-Wiseman-Reid (CJWR) and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) violations. If the noise already has an ability, the mixture may lose and later recover it at distinct boundary crossings as the Bell weight decreases. We characterize ability-absence intervals and definitive thresholds for mixtures of $|Φ^+\rangle$ with arbitrary complex two-qubit $X$ noise. A closed-form singular-value flow of the Pauli correlation tensor gives the exact teleportation-useless, CJWR-satisfying, and CHSH-local intervals, while the positive partial transpose criterion gives the exact separable interval. At fixed populations and coherence magnitudes, these intervals widen as the relative phase between the $Φ$-block coherence of the noise and the Bell coherence increases from $0$ to $π$. The definitive thresholds form a universal chain from entanglement through teleportation usefulness and the three-setting CJWR witness to the common two-setting CJWR witness and CHSH-nonlocal threshold. Replacing teleportation usefulness by steerability gives a second chain, although their thresholds are not mutually ordered. For arbitrary pure two-qubit noise, the steerability thresholds in both directions for projective measurements and arbitrary positive operator-valued measures equal the entanglement threshold. For arbitrary product noise, an effective $X$-state singular-value flow gives the teleportation usefulness, CJWR witness, and CHSH-nonlocal thresholds. If a local noise factor is pure, the entanglement threshold and all four steerability thresholds are zero. For generic full-rank mixed $X$ noise, finite-setting semidefinite programs give upper bounds on the unknown directional projective-measurement steerability thresholds.

quant-pharXiv:2608.17609•Aug 19, 2026•0 citations

Characterizing Entanglement in Combinations of Bell States through Superposition and Mixing: An Increase in Entanglement on Introducing Depolarizing, Phase Damping, and Amplitude Damping Noise

Nishant Chaudhari, Jean-François Van Huele

We systematically characterize quantum entanglement in all sixteen combinations of two-qubit Bell states across three operational regimes: pure superposition, noiseless mixing, and asymmetric mixing of one noisy and one pure Bell state. For pure superpositions, we calculate the von Neumann entropy and show that entanglement depends critically on the relative phase phi between superposed states. For mixed states, we use concurrence C under three physically motivated decoherence channels. The Depolarizing (DP) and Phase Damping (PD) channels are modeled as global, collective operations on the two-qubit Hilbert space, while Amplitude Damping (AD) is treated as independent local decay on each qubit, reflecting the asymmetric, energy-dissipating nature of spontaneous emission. A central and counterintuitive result is that increasing noise can raise concurrence in specific parameter regimes across all three channels. We further map the boundary between mathematical entanglement (C > 0) and operational quantum non-locality using the Horodecki criterion, finding this boundary to be strongly channel-dependent. Under Phase Damping, the Bell-local entanglement regime vanishes entirely for identical and same-bases mixtures, meaning any surviving entanglement guarantees a CHSH violation. Under Depolarizing noise, a large Bell-local region requires mixing probability r > 1/sqrt(2) to recover non-locality at maximum noise. For Amplitude Damping, certain mixtures exhibit a non-monotonic Horodecki parameter M(T): concurrence decreases monotonically with noise, yet the capacity for CHSH violation is lost at intermediate noise levels and restored at high noise, as maximal damping repurifies the noisy branch. These results provide a unified analytical reference for entanglement and non-locality management across Bell-state combinations and decoherence channels relevant to NISQ architectures.

quant-pharXiv:2608.17500•Aug 19, 2026•0 citations

Teleportation through time-varying channels: threshold geometry and a complete-positivity bound on non-Markovian backflow

Chaibata Seida

A Bell pair distributed through a link that combines amplitude damping with dephasing at time-dependent rates has dynamics that separate into a fixed part and a moving one. The negativity, fully entangled fraction, discord, and average teleportation fidelity depend on time only through the accumulated damping parameters $p(t)$ and $q(t)$. Every threshold is therefore a curve fixed in the unit square, and the rates select nothing but a trajectory across it. The Horodecki fidelity formula $\bar{F} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6}\mathrm{Tr}|T|$ covers one- and two-sided exposure alike: the condition $\det T \leq 0$ under which it takes this form holds throughout the unit square for both. Under symmetric two-sided noise the entanglement vanishes when $p+q\geq1$, where the exact relation $\bar{F}^{2s}=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\mathcal{N}_{2s}$ ties disentanglement and the loss of quantum advantage to the same instant. One-sided exposure admits no finite-time sudden death for any rate profile, and the discord stays strictly positive throughout the open square, so the distributed state can be separable, useless for teleportation, and still nonclassical. For harmonically modulated rates, complete positivity caps the backflow at one modulation period of static decay, $ΔΓ_{k}\leq2πγ_{k,0}/Ω$, equivalently at a modulation depth $ξ_{k}\leq4.6033$ independent of $Ω$. Inside that window the trajectory reverses, producing finite intervals of restored quantum advantage and entanglement sudden birth.

quant-pharXiv:2608.11314•Aug 13, 2026•0 citations

Near perfect noisy quantum teleportation by one-sided environment engineering

Md Manirul Ali, Sovik Roy, Dipankar Home

Achieving near-unity fidelity of Quantum Teleportation (QT) in a noisy environment is an essential requirement for its real-world applications. Towards this goal, we devise a distinctive protocol based on the timing of the sender Alice's Bell-basis measurement, synchronous with the suitably engineered structure of noise in the receiver Bob's wing, without requiring any knowledge or manipulation of Alice's local noise. For this purpose, to finally obtain the teleported states by performing the required unitary operations, Bob has to retain his qubits for only two particular Bell-basis outcomes communicated by Alice, whose corresponding reduced states have no dependence on the noise parameters in Alice's wing. Such postselection is crucial for enhancing the fidelity of the teleported state towards its ideal limit, while ensuring its full independence of Alice's noise. We formulate the specifics of our protocol in terms of a generic two-level quantum system, subjected to a general non-Markovian spin-boson model for dephasing noise. The proposed scheme is illustrated by using any pure maximally/non-maximally entangled state as well as a Werner-type mixed state as resource. In particular, using resource states having small values of entanglement measure, we show that the high fidelity of QT is achievable in the presence of noise. Further, using our scheme, considering even the local regime of Werner states, wherein the Bell-CHSH inequalities are not violated, we show that the QT fidelity in the presence of noise can be appreciably high.

quant-pharXiv:2602.19103•Feb 24, 2026•0 citations

Activation of entanglement in teleportation

Ryszard Weinar, Wiesław Laskowski, Marcin Pawłowski

We study the activation of entanglement in teleportation protocols. To this end, we a present derivation of the average fidelity of teleportation process with noisy classical channel for qudits. In our work we do not make any assumptions about the entangled states shared by communicating parties. Our result allows us to specify the minimum amount of classical information required to beat the classical limit when the protocol is based on the Bell measurements. We also compare average fidelity of teleportation obtained using noisy and perfect classical channel with restricted capacity. The most important insight into the intricacies of quantum information theory that we gain is that though entanglement, obviously, is a necessary resource for efficient teleportation it requires a certain threshold amount of classical communication to be more useful than classical communication. Another interesting finding is that the amount of classical communication required to activate entanglement for teleportation purposes depends on the dimension d of the system being teleported but is not monotonic reaching maximum for d = 4.

arXiv:1305.3443•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical•Oct 8, 2013•5 citations

Entanglement Fidelity in Standard Quantum Channels

Niccolò Zanieri, Marios Kountouris

Entanglement fidelity quantifies how well a quantum channel preserves the correlations between a transmitted system and an inaccessible reference system. We derive closed-form expressions for the entanglement fidelity associated with several standard quantum noise models, including the random Pauli-X, dephasing, depolarizing, Werner-Holevo, generalized Pauli (Weyl), and amplitude-damping channels. For each model, we express the entanglement fidelity in terms of a general input density operator $ρ$, using Schumacher's Kraus-operator approach, which provides a channel-agnostic recipe applicable to any completely positive trace-preserving (CPTP) map with a finite Kraus representation. We then specialize to a communication scenario in which the source emits a two-letter parametric alphabet, thereby making explicit the dependence of entanglement preservation on both channel and source parameters. The resulting expressions enable direct comparisons of channel performance and rankings for representative families of input states, including common qubit states.

quant-pharXiv:2603.07761•Mar 10, 2026•0 citations
We study Bell-mixing lines ρλ=λΦ++(1−λ)σρ_λ=λΦ^+ +(1-λ)σρλ​=λΦ++(1−λ)σ, where Φ+Φ^+Φ+ is a fixed Bell reference and σσσ is a separable two-qubit noise state. Along this line there are two operational crossings: the state becomes entangled, and it reaches quantum teleportation advantage over classical strategies. We package these crossings as capacities of the noise state. The entanglement absorption capacity Cabs(σ)C_{\rm abs}(σ)Cabs​(σ) is the largest amount of Bell reference that σσσ can absorb while the partial transpose remains positive. The fidelity absorption capacity CF(σ)C_F(σ)CF​(σ) is the largest amount of Bell reference that σσσ can absorb while keeping the maximal teleportation fidelity at or below the classical bound 2/32/32/3. The thresholds corresponding to the two crossing points are obtained from the same Möbius map, λ∗=Cabs/(1+Cabs)λ_* = C_{\rm abs}/(1+C_{\rm abs})λ∗​=Cabs​/(1+Cabs​) and λF=CF/(1+CF)λ_F = C_F/(1+C_F)λF​=CF​/(1+CF​). We derive closed-form capacities and thresholds for product noise states and separable complex XXX noise states. For product noise, CabsC_{\rm abs}Cabs​ depends only on local marginal purities, while CFC_FCF​ also depends on orientation relative to the maximally entangled reference. For XXX noise states, both capacities are explicit in all four Bell frames. We also study three extensions: arbitrary pure-state references, the evolution of XXX noise states and their capacities under local amplitude-damping and dephasing channels, and decomposition certificates that give lower bounds on the capacities, hence on the thresholds, for general separable noise.
Noisy Bell mixtures may carry entanglement, standard teleportation usefulness, projective-measurement steerability, and optimized Cavalcanti-Jones-Wiseman-Reid (CJWR) and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) violations. If the noise already has an ability, the mixture may lose and later recover it at distinct boundary crossings as the Bell weight decreases. We characterize ability-absence intervals and definitive thresholds for mixtures of ∣Φ+⟩|Φ^+\rangle∣Φ+⟩ with arbitrary complex two-qubit XXX noise. A closed-form singular-value flow of the Pauli correlation tensor gives the exact teleportation-useless, CJWR-satisfying, and CHSH-local intervals, while the positive partial transpose criterion gives the exact separable interval. At fixed populations and coherence magnitudes, these intervals widen as the relative phase between the ΦΦΦ-block coherence of the noise and the Bell coherence increases from 000 to πππ. The definitive thresholds form a universal chain from entanglement through teleportation usefulness and the three-setting CJWR witness to the common two-setting CJWR witness and CHSH-nonlocal threshold. Replacing teleportation usefulness by steerability gives a second chain, although their thresholds are not mutually ordered. For arbitrary pure two-qubit noise, the steerability thresholds in both directions for projective measurements and arbitrary positive operator-valued measures equal the entanglement threshold. For arbitrary product noise, an effective XXX-state singular-value flow gives the teleportation usefulness, CJWR witness, and CHSH-nonlocal thresholds. If a local noise factor is pure, the entanglement threshold and all four steerability thresholds are zero. For generic full-rank mixed XXX noise, finite-setting semidefinite programs give upper bounds on the unknown directional projective-measurement steerability thresholds.
We systematically characterize quantum entanglement in all sixteen combinations of two-qubit Bell states across three operational regimes: pure superposition, noiseless mixing, and asymmetric mixing of one noisy and one pure Bell state. For pure superpositions, we calculate the von Neumann entropy and show that entanglement depends critically on the relative phase phi between superposed states. For mixed states, we use concurrence C under three physically motivated decoherence channels. The Depolarizing (DP) and Phase Damping (PD) channels are modeled as global, collective operations on the two-qubit Hilbert space, while Amplitude Damping (AD) is treated as independent local decay on each qubit, reflecting the asymmetric, energy-dissipating nature of spontaneous emission. A central and counterintuitive result is that increasing noise can raise concurrence in specific parameter regimes across all three channels. We further map the boundary between mathematical entanglement (C > 0) and operational quantum non-locality using the Horodecki criterion, finding this boundary to be strongly channel-dependent. Under Phase Damping, the Bell-local entanglement regime vanishes entirely for identical and same-bases mixtures, meaning any surviving entanglement guarantees a CHSH violation. Under Depolarizing noise, a large Bell-local region requires mixing probability r > 1/sqrt(2) to recover non-locality at maximum noise. For Amplitude Damping, certain mixtures exhibit a non-monotonic Horodecki parameter M(T): concurrence decreases monotonically with noise, yet the capacity for CHSH violation is lost at intermediate noise levels and restored at high noise, as maximal damping repurifies the noisy branch. These results provide a unified analytical reference for entanglement and non-locality management across Bell-state combinations and decoherence channels relevant to NISQ architectures.
A Bell pair distributed through a link that combines amplitude damping with dephasing at time-dependent rates has dynamics that separate into a fixed part and a moving one. The negativity, fully entangled fraction, discord, and average teleportation fidelity depend on time only through the accumulated damping parameters p(t)p(t)p(t) and q(t)q(t)q(t). Every threshold is therefore a curve fixed in the unit square, and the rates select nothing but a trajectory across it. The Horodecki fidelity formula Fˉ=12+16Tr∣T∣\bar{F} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6}\mathrm{Tr}|T|Fˉ=21​+61​Tr∣T∣ covers one- and two-sided exposure alike: the condition det⁡T≤0\det T \leq 0detT≤0 under which it takes this form holds throughout the unit square for both. Under symmetric two-sided noise the entanglement vanishes when p+q≥1p+q\geq1p+q≥1, where the exact relation Fˉ2s=23+13N2s\bar{F}^{2s}=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\mathcal{N}_{2s}Fˉ2s=32​+31​N2s​ ties disentanglement and the loss of quantum advantage to the same instant. One-sided exposure admits no finite-time sudden death for any rate profile, and the discord stays strictly positive throughout the open square, so the distributed state can be separable, useless for teleportation, and still nonclassical. For harmonically modulated rates, complete positivity caps the backflow at one modulation period of static decay, ΔΓk≤2πγk,0/ΩΔΓ_{k}\leq2πγ_{k,0}/ΩΔΓk​≤2πγk,0​/Ω, equivalently at a modulation depth ξk≤4.6033ξ_{k}\leq4.6033ξk​≤4.6033 independent of ΩΩΩ. Inside that window the trajectory reverses, producing finite intervals of restored quantum advantage and entanglement sudden birth.
Achieving near-unity fidelity of Quantum Teleportation (QT) in a noisy environment is an essential requirement for its real-world applications. Towards this goal, we devise a distinctive protocol based on the timing of the sender Alice's Bell-basis measurement, synchronous with the suitably engineered structure of noise in the receiver Bob's wing, without requiring any knowledge or manipulation of Alice's local noise. For this purpose, to finally obtain the teleported states by performing the required unitary operations, Bob has to retain his qubits for only two particular Bell-basis outcomes communicated by Alice, whose corresponding reduced states have no dependence on the noise parameters in Alice's wing. Such postselection is crucial for enhancing the fidelity of the teleported state towards its ideal limit, while ensuring its full independence of Alice's noise. We formulate the specifics of our protocol in terms of a generic two-level quantum system, subjected to a general non-Markovian spin-boson model for dephasing noise. The proposed scheme is illustrated by using any pure maximally/non-maximally entangled state as well as a Werner-type mixed state as resource. In particular, using resource states having small values of entanglement measure, we show that the high fidelity of QT is achievable in the presence of noise. Further, using our scheme, considering even the local regime of Werner states, wherein the Bell-CHSH inequalities are not violated, we show that the QT fidelity in the presence of noise can be appreciably high.
We study the activation of entanglement in teleportation protocols. To this end, we a present derivation of the average fidelity of teleportation process with noisy classical channel for qudits. In our work we do not make any assumptions about the entangled states shared by communicating parties. Our result allows us to specify the minimum amount of classical information required to beat the classical limit when the protocol is based on the Bell measurements. We also compare average fidelity of teleportation obtained using noisy and perfect classical channel with restricted capacity. The most important insight into the intricacies of quantum information theory that we gain is that though entanglement, obviously, is a necessary resource for efficient teleportation it requires a certain threshold amount of classical communication to be more useful than classical communication. Another interesting finding is that the amount of classical communication required to activate entanglement for teleportation purposes depends on the dimension d of the system being teleported but is not monotonic reaching maximum for d = 4.
Entanglement fidelity quantifies how well a quantum channel preserves the correlations between a transmitted system and an inaccessible reference system. We derive closed-form expressions for the entanglement fidelity associated with several standard quantum noise models, including the random Pauli-X, dephasing, depolarizing, Werner-Holevo, generalized Pauli (Weyl), and amplitude-damping channels. For each model, we express the entanglement fidelity in terms of a general input density operator ρρρ, using Schumacher's Kraus-operator approach, which provides a channel-agnostic recipe applicable to any completely positive trace-preserving (CPTP) map with a finite Kraus representation. We then specialize to a communication scenario in which the source emits a two-letter parametric alphabet, thereby making explicit the dependence of entanglement preservation on both channel and source parameters. The resulting expressions enable direct comparisons of channel performance and rankings for representative families of input states, including common qubit states.