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arXiv:2606.25471 · Physics Letters A

A phase-space approach for performing continuous-variable quantum teleportation with a non-Gaussian resource

Ankita, Arpita Chatterjee

quant-phSubmitted Jun 24, 2026• Announced Jun 25, 2026• 0 citations• Revised Sep 9, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Jun 24, 2026v2 · Sep 9, 2026
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Abstract

We present a detailed phase-space analysis of continuous-variable quantum teleportation using a photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed Fock state (PS-TMSFS) as an entangled resource. We investigate the performance of PS-TMSFS within the Braunstein-Kimble teleportation protocol. The resource-state preparation is described and the success probability related to the photon-subtraction process is derived analytically. The Wigner characteristic function of PS-TMSFS is calculated and then employed to determine the fidelity for input Gaussian and non-Gaussian states. The dependence of the success probability and the teleportation fidelity on the squeezing parameter and the beam-splitter transmissivity is analyzed for both symmetric and asymmetric photon-subtraction scenarios. This results that the symmetric photon subtraction consistently outperforms the corresponding asymmetric configurations with the $(2,2)$ configuration providing the highest teleportation fidelity among the considered PS-TMSFS resources. A significant improvement over the Gaussian two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) resource is observed for teleporting Gaussian input states, particularly in the low-squeezing regime, whereas the relative advantage for non-Gaussian input states depends on the functioning resource parameters and gradually diminishes as squeezing increases.

Journal reference
Physics Letters A, 2026, 132150
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2026.132150
Comments
16 pages, 12 figures

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We present a detailed phase-space analysis of continuous-variable quantum teleportation using a photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed Fock state (PS-TMSFS) as an entangled resource. We investigate the performance of PS-TMSFS within the Braunstein-Kimble teleportation protocol. The resource-state preparation is described and the success probability related to the photon-subtraction process is derived analytically. The Wigner characteristic function of PS-TMSFS is calculated and then employed to determine the fidelity for input Gaussian and non-Gaussian states. The dependence of the success probability and the teleportation fidelity on the squeezing parameter and the beam-splitter transmissivity is analyzed for both symmetric and asymmetric photon-subtraction scenarios. This results that the symmetric photon subtraction consistently outperforms the corresponding asymmetric configurations with the (2,2)(2,2)(2,2) configuration providing the highest teleportation fidelity among the considered PS-TMSFS resources. A significant improvement over the Gaussian two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) resource is observed for teleporting Gaussian input states, particularly in the low-squeezing regime, whereas the relative advantage for non-Gaussian input states depends on the functioning resource parameters and gradually diminishes as squeezing increases.
We consider non-Gaussian states generated by photon subtraction (PS) and photon addition (PA) on two-mode squeezed coherent (TMSC) states as resource states for continuous variable quantum teleportation. To this end, we derive the Wigner characteristic function for the family of photon-subtracted and photon-added TMSC states, which is then utilized to calculate the fidelity of teleporting a single-mode coherent state and a squeezed vacuum state. The analysis shows that, while symmetric PS enhances the fidelity of teleportation in an extensive range of squeezing, asymmetric PS enhances the performance marginally and only in the low squeezing regime. The addition operations, however, are less useful, symmetric three-PA leads to a marginal improvement while the other addition operations are useless. We consider the actual experimental setup for PS and PA operations and compute their success probabilities, which should be kept in mind while advocating the use of these operations. We could compute the fidelity of teleportation for a broad range of states because we analytically derive the Wigner characteristic function for these family of states, which we think will be useful for various other applications of these families of states.
Non-Gaussian operations have been shown to enhance the fidelity of continuous-variable quantum teleportation. However, a disadvantage of these non-Gaussian operations is that they are probabilistic in nature. In this article we study the trade-off between teleportation fidelity and success probability for optimal performance of the teleportation protocol. To this end, we first derive a unified expression for the Wigner characteristic function describing three non-Gaussian states: photon-subtracted, photon-added, and photon-catalyzed two-mode squeezed vacuum states. We then utilize it to obtain the fidelity of teleportation for input coherent and squeezed vacuum states using the aforementioned non-Gaussian resource states. We optimize the product of the relative enhancement in fidelity and the probability of state preparation by tuning the transmissivity of the beam splitters involved in implementing non-Gaussian operations. This leads to a scenario that can be effectively implemented in a laboratory to enhance fidelity. It turns out that among all the non-Gaussian resource states considered, the symmetric one-photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum state is the most advantageous. We provide the associated optimal squeezing and beam splitter transmissivity values for the non-Gaussian resource states considered, which will be of significant interest to the experimental community. We also consider the effect of imperfect photon detectors on teleportation fidelity. Further, we expect the derived Wigner characteristic function to be useful in state characterization and other quantum information processing protocols.
In this work, we investigate the performance of non-Gaussian entangled resources in continuous-variable quantum teleportation within a realistic setting. We describe the characteristic functions of three distinct entangled resources, a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, a two-mode photon-subtracted squeezed state, and a two-mode photon-added squeezed state. We extend the theoretical analysis by Yang et al. to include the realistic experimental conditions such as photon losses, imperfect measurements which typically affect continuous-variable quantum teleportation. Our results demonstrate that even in non-ideal situations, the photon-subtracted squeezed state outperforms the other two resources in the low squeezing regime, keeping fidelity above the classical threshold that suggests the robustness of photon-subtracted squeezed state in practical teleportation applications. We further analyze the EPR correlations of these entangled resources, revealing that the photon-subtracted squeezed state exhibits stronger EPR correlations than the original two-mode squeezed vacuum state and the two-mode photon-added squeezed state. This study merges theoretical models with realistic imperfections and utilizes non-Gaussian entanglement into high-fidelity quantum teleportation.
Abstract Performing non-Gaussian operations, namely photon addition, photon subtraction, photon-addition-then-subtraction, photon-subtraction-then-addition can successfully enhance the fidelity of the continuous-variable quantum teleportation. However, a shortcoming of these non-Gaussian resources is that they are probabilistic in nature. In this article, we investigate the success probability of the non-Gaussian resources for optimal performance of the ideal teleportation protocol. To this end, we first derive the analytical expression for the two-mode entangled channel having f-deformed displaced Fock state or photon-added displaced Fock state or photon-subtracted displaced Fock state at one port and vacuum at another port of a symmetric beam-splitter. The generalized displaced Fock states are obtained by replacing the conventional bosonic functions by the nonlinear f-deformed operators such as A = af(a † a) and B = af ( a † a ) − 1 . The Wigner characteristic functions describing these three aforementioned non-Gaussian states are determined and utilized to attain the teleportation fidelity for input coherent and squeezed vacuum states. It is found that the nonlinear substitution leads to an enhancement in teleportation fidelity beyond the threshold limit. Moreover, the entangled photon-subtracted displaced Fock state demonstrates maximum efficiency as a quantum channel for teleporting single-mode coherent and squeezed states. We provide the squeezing regime values corresponding to the optimal performance of the non-Gaussian states considered, which will be of significant interest to the experimental fraternity. Further, we show that the entangled photon-added displaced Fock states have larger amount of entanglement but the entangled photon-subtracted displaced Fock states have stronger Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation.
Glauber's coherent state is denoted by ∣α⟩\ketα∣α⟩ and its two-mode extension is represented by ∣α,β⟩\ket{α,β}∣α,β⟩. In this work, we introduce a two-mode superposition operator A=tab+ra†b†A=tab+ra^\dagger b^\daggerA=tab+ra†b†, whose action on the two-mode coherent state produces the two-mode coherent superposed quantum state ∣ψ⟩=(tab+ra†b†)∣α,β⟩\ketψ=(tab+ra^\dagger b^\dagger)\ket{α,β}∣ψ⟩=(tab+ra†b†)∣α,β⟩. We investigate the nonclassicality and quantum non-Gaussianity of this state by means of the Wigner distribution and Wigner logarithmic negativity. Once its intrinsic nonclassical and non-Gaussian structure is established, the state is employed as the entangled resource in the Braunstein-Kimble continuous-variable (CV) teleportation protocol. We compute the ideal teleportation fidelity for coherent and squeezed inputs and analyze how the strengths of nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity influence the teleportation efficiency. Our results identify specific parameter regimes where enhanced non-Gaussian features or increased nonclassicality enable fidelities beyond the classical threshold, thereby revealing the operational significance of engineered two-mode quantum states in CV quantum information processing.
Abstract We consider a practical scheme for the implementation of non-Gaussian operation, viz., photon subtraction, photon addition, and photon catalysis, on two-mode squeezed thermal state. The generated states are employed as resources in continuous-variable quantum teleportation. The results show that the three non-Gaussian operations can enhance the teleportation fidelity. Considering the success probability of the non-Gaussian operations, we identify single-photon catalysis and single photon subtraction to be optimal for teleporting input coherent states and squeezed vacuum states, at low and intermediate squeezing levels, respectively.