Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2606.19510

Exact Markovian Dissipation Requires Singular Energy Resources

Hiroki Nakabayashi

quant-phSubmitted Jun 17, 2026• Announced Jun 19, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The Gorini--Kossakowski--Lindblad--Sudarshan (GKLS) equation describes irreversible quantum dynamical semigroups. We show that this description cannot be exact under physically regular energy conditions. We prove that the open-system survival probability under physically regular energy conditions has sublinear decay, whereas any dissipative GKLS semigroup has a linear short-time decay. Hence exact Markovian dissipation requires singular energy resources: an unbounded-below total Hamiltonian or infinite initial energy, and a divergent interaction-energy moment. Therefore, a dissipative time-independent GKLS equation should be regarded as an effective description rather than the exact reduced dynamics of a Hamiltonian dilation satisfying physically regular energy conditions.

Comments
9 pages

Related papers

The Topological Resolution of the GKLS Singularity Theorem

Michael I Aksman

Continuous open quantum systems governed by the exact Gorini–Kossakowski–Lindblad– Sudarshan (GKLS) master equation require unphysical, singular energy resources to circumvent the sublinear short-time decay constraint. We translate this tension into a rigorous mathematical proposition, proving that continuum-based Markovian dissipation necessitates an ultraviolet energy divergence scaling as O((t∗)−1/2). We resolve this obstruction by mapping dissipative dynamics onto the discrete N = 861 Heegner–vorton manifold. The finite capacity of this topological space enforces a strictly bounded energy variance, yielding a minimum operational time bound tmin > 0 below which continuous evolution becomes mathematically singular. To verify this discrete resolution is exact, we explicitly construct the 861 × 861 algebraic incidence matrix and expand the rigorous combinatorics of the Johnson graph J(42, 2). We demonstrate that its geometrically weighted spectrum—derived directly from the trace of the modular cusp boundary condition—unconditionally yields the topological spectral gap λ2 = 1/12.

•Sep 6, 2026•0 citations

On the physical meaning of the Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad operator

Dieter Schuch, T. Koide

Abstract We present an alternative derivation of the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) equation based on complex Riccati equations and the associated dynamical invariants. Our formulation introduces time-dependent coefficients, which satisfy the constraints imposed by the Robertson-Schrödinger uncertainty relations, as previously discussed by Dekker et al. in the time-independent case. This time dependence may provide new insights and perspectives for extending the framework to non-Markovian systems.

Journal of Physics Conference Series•Jun 1, 2025•0 citations

Selective Dissipation and Effective GKLS Generators

Roco Roco

Dissipative quantum dynamics is usually described through loss, decoherence, relaxation, and the flow of information into an environment. This work proposes a conservative but conceptually important shift in emphasis: in suitably structured models, dissipation can also be read as a mechanism of selection. The paper focuses on effective generators of the form G_eff = -iD - Γ, where D = D* is the coherent self-adjoint part and Γ ≥ 0 is a dissipative term. The algebraic setting is not modified. These generators arise naturally inside the standard Gorini–Kossakowski–Lindblad–Sudarshan, or GKLS, formalism through the effective no-jump sector. The novelty is therefore not a new quantum master equation, but a different architectural reading of a familiar structure. Instead of interpreting Γ only as a loss rate, the paper treats a structured dissipator as an auditor of admissible modes. Modes that are strongly penalized decay, while compatible sectors survive the dissipative test. In finite dimensions, the work proves an exact selection mechanism under an invariant-sector hypothesis and identifies the persistent sector selected by the effective dynamics. The paper also clarifies what remains open in the infinite-dimensional setting. Extending this viewpoint to Dirac–Roco type architectures requires analytic control of domains, semigroup generation, spectral separation, and dissipative estimates. For readers in mathematical physics, open quantum systems, non-Hermitian dynamics, and operator theory, the note provides a bridge between standard GKLS dynamics and the broader idea of selective dissipation: the environment is not only a sink for lost information, but may also enforce the structural survival of particular modes.

•Apr 1, 2026•0 citations

Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad equation in different bases: application to driven-dissipative two- and multilevel systems

O. A. Ilinskaya, O. V. Ivakhnenko, A. I. Ryzhov +2 more

An open quantum system can be described by a master equation, of which one of the most popular is the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) equation. We revisit description of driven-dissipative quantum systems focusing on the appropriate choice of the system's basis and the respective transformations. We consider the GKSL equation in different bases and calculate the dynamics for a qubit and for a qudit. An appropriate choice of the basis is a fundamental problem for theoretical consideration of open quantum systems and provides an opportunity to obtain the desired evolution in practice.

quant-pharXiv:2607.03779•Low Temperature Physics•Jul 7, 2026•0 citations

Contact manifolds and dissipation, classical and quantum

Florio M. Ciaglia, Hans Cruz-Prado, Giuseppe Marmo

Motivated by a geometric decomposition of the vector field associated with the Gorini-Kossakowski-Lindblad-Sudarshan (GKLS) equation for finite-level open quantum systems, we propose a generalization of the recently introduced contact Hamiltonian systems for the description of dissipative-like dynamical systems in the context of (non-necessarily exact) contact manifolds. In particular, we show how this class of dynamical systems naturally emerges in the context of Lagrangian Mechanics and in the case of nonlinear evolutions on the space of pure states of a finite-level quantum system.

•Jan 1, 2018•40 citations

The Franke–Gorini–Kossakowski–Lindblad–Sudarshan (FGKLS) Equation for Two-Dimensional Systems

Alexander A. Andrianov, M. V. Ioffe, Ekaterina Izotova +1 more

Open quantum systems are, in general, described by a density matrix that is evolving under transformations belonging to a dynamical semigroup. They can obey the Franke–Gorini–Kossakowski–Lindblad–Sudarshan (FGKLS) equation. We exhaustively study the case of a Hilbert space of dimension 2. First, we find final fixed states (called pointers) of an evolution of an open system, and we then obtain a general solution to the FGKLS equation and confirm that it converges to a pointer. After this, we check that the solution has physical meaning, i.e., it is Hermitian, positive and has trace equal to 1, and find a moment of time starting from which the FGKLS equation can be used—the range of applicability of the semigroup symmetry. Next, we study the behavior of a solution for a weak interaction with an environment and make a distinction between interacting and non-interacting cases. Finally, we prove that there cannot exist oscillating solutions to the FGKLS equation, which would resemble the behavior of a closed quantum system.

arXiv:2204.07734•Symmetry•Apr 6, 2022•3 citations
The Gorini--Kossakowski--Lindblad--Sudarshan (GKLS) equation describes irreversible quantum dynamical semigroups. We show that this description cannot be exact under physically regular energy conditions. We prove that the open-system survival probability under physically regular energy conditions has sublinear decay, whereas any dissipative GKLS semigroup has a linear short-time decay. Hence exact Markovian dissipation requires singular energy resources: an unbounded-below total Hamiltonian or infinite initial energy, and a divergent interaction-energy moment. Therefore, a dissipative time-independent GKLS equation should be regarded as an effective description rather than the exact reduced dynamics of a Hamiltonian dilation satisfying physically regular energy conditions.
Continuous open quantum systems governed by the exact Gorini–Kossakowski–Lindblad– Sudarshan (GKLS) master equation require unphysical, singular energy resources to circumvent the sublinear short-time decay constraint. We translate this tension into a rigorous mathematical proposition, proving that continuum-based Markovian dissipation necessitates an ultraviolet energy divergence scaling as O((t∗)−1/2). We resolve this obstruction by mapping dissipative dynamics onto the discrete N = 861 Heegner–vorton manifold. The finite capacity of this topological space enforces a strictly bounded energy variance, yielding a minimum operational time bound tmin > 0 below which continuous evolution becomes mathematically singular. To verify this discrete resolution is exact, we explicitly construct the 861 × 861 algebraic incidence matrix and expand the rigorous combinatorics of the Johnson graph J(42, 2). We demonstrate that its geometrically weighted spectrum—derived directly from the trace of the modular cusp boundary condition—unconditionally yields the topological spectral gap λ2 = 1/12.
Abstract We present an alternative derivation of the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) equation based on complex Riccati equations and the associated dynamical invariants. Our formulation introduces time-dependent coefficients, which satisfy the constraints imposed by the Robertson-Schrödinger uncertainty relations, as previously discussed by Dekker et al. in the time-independent case. This time dependence may provide new insights and perspectives for extending the framework to non-Markovian systems.
Dissipative quantum dynamics is usually described through loss, decoherence, relaxation, and the flow of information into an environment. This work proposes a conservative but conceptually important shift in emphasis: in suitably structured models, dissipation can also be read as a mechanism of selection. The paper focuses on effective generators of the form G_eff = -iD - Γ, where D = D* is the coherent self-adjoint part and Γ ≥ 0 is a dissipative term. The algebraic setting is not modified. These generators arise naturally inside the standard Gorini–Kossakowski–Lindblad–Sudarshan, or GKLS, formalism through the effective no-jump sector. The novelty is therefore not a new quantum master equation, but a different architectural reading of a familiar structure. Instead of interpreting Γ only as a loss rate, the paper treats a structured dissipator as an auditor of admissible modes. Modes that are strongly penalized decay, while compatible sectors survive the dissipative test. In finite dimensions, the work proves an exact selection mechanism under an invariant-sector hypothesis and identifies the persistent sector selected by the effective dynamics. The paper also clarifies what remains open in the infinite-dimensional setting. Extending this viewpoint to Dirac–Roco type architectures requires analytic control of domains, semigroup generation, spectral separation, and dissipative estimates. For readers in mathematical physics, open quantum systems, non-Hermitian dynamics, and operator theory, the note provides a bridge between standard GKLS dynamics and the broader idea of selective dissipation: the environment is not only a sink for lost information, but may also enforce the structural survival of particular modes.
An open quantum system can be described by a master equation, of which one of the most popular is the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) equation. We revisit description of driven-dissipative quantum systems focusing on the appropriate choice of the system's basis and the respective transformations. We consider the GKSL equation in different bases and calculate the dynamics for a qubit and for a qudit. An appropriate choice of the basis is a fundamental problem for theoretical consideration of open quantum systems and provides an opportunity to obtain the desired evolution in practice.
Motivated by a geometric decomposition of the vector field associated with the Gorini-Kossakowski-Lindblad-Sudarshan (GKLS) equation for finite-level open quantum systems, we propose a generalization of the recently introduced contact Hamiltonian systems for the description of dissipative-like dynamical systems in the context of (non-necessarily exact) contact manifolds. In particular, we show how this class of dynamical systems naturally emerges in the context of Lagrangian Mechanics and in the case of nonlinear evolutions on the space of pure states of a finite-level quantum system.
Open quantum systems are, in general, described by a density matrix that is evolving under transformations belonging to a dynamical semigroup. They can obey the Franke–Gorini–Kossakowski–Lindblad–Sudarshan (FGKLS) equation. We exhaustively study the case of a Hilbert space of dimension 2. First, we find final fixed states (called pointers) of an evolution of an open system, and we then obtain a general solution to the FGKLS equation and confirm that it converges to a pointer. After this, we check that the solution has physical meaning, i.e., it is Hermitian, positive and has trace equal to 1, and find a moment of time starting from which the FGKLS equation can be used—the range of applicability of the semigroup symmetry. Next, we study the behavior of a solution for a weak interaction with an environment and make a distinction between interacting and non-interacting cases. Finally, we prove that there cannot exist oscillating solutions to the FGKLS equation, which would resemble the behavior of a closed quantum system.