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arXiv:2606.15951

Adiabatic preparation of a fractional quantum Hall fluid by coherently pumping atoms from a Bose-Einstein condensate

Alberto Tabarelli de Fatis, Christof Weitenberg, Alexander Schnell, André Eckardt, Iacopo Carusotto

cond-mat.quant-gasquant-phSubmitted Jun 14, 2026• Announced Jun 16, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We propose a protocol to adiabatically prepare a many-particle fractional quantum Hall fluid of bosonic ultracold atoms exploiting a time-dependent coherent coupling of a strongly interacting atomic state with a large dilute Bose-Einstein condensate. Starting from an empty cloud, atoms with well-defined angular momentum are coherently pumped into the fluid by Raman beams with a Laguerre-Gauss profile. Compared to number-conserving schemes which rely on finite-size-induced topological gaps, we identify an adiabatic path in the Fock space which avoids crossing topological phase transitions and thus maintains a sizable adiabatic gap open at all times. The efficiency of our preparation protocol is numerically assessed for typical experimental parameters up to particle numbers that largely exceed the experimental state-of-the-art. The crucial advantage of including an anharmonic confinement is finally highlighted.

Comments
10 pages, 10 figures

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We propose a protocol to adiabatically prepare a many-particle fractional quantum Hall fluid of bosonic ultracold atoms exploiting a time-dependent coherent coupling of a strongly interacting atomic state with a large dilute Bose-Einstein condensate. Starting from an empty cloud, atoms with well-defined angular momentum are coherently pumped into the fluid by Raman beams with a Laguerre-Gauss profile. Compared to number-conserving schemes which rely on finite-size-induced topological gaps, we identify an adiabatic path in the Fock space which avoids crossing topological phase transitions and thus maintains a sizable adiabatic gap open at all times. The efficiency of our preparation protocol is numerically assessed for typical experimental parameters up to particle numbers that largely exceed the experimental state-of-the-art. The crucial advantage of including an anharmonic confinement is finally highlighted.
We describe a protocol to prepare clusters of ultracold bosonic atoms in strongly interacting states reminiscent of fractional quantum Hall states. Our scheme consists in injecting a controlled amount of angular momentum to an atomic gas using Raman transitions carrying orbital angular momentum. By injecting one unit of angular momentum per atom, one realizes a single-vortex state, which is well described by mean-field theory for large enough particle numbers. We also present schemes to realize fractional quantum Hall states, namely, the bosonic Laughlin and Moore-Read states. We investigate the requirements for adiabatic nucleation of such topological states, in particular comparing linear Landau-Zener ramps and arbitrary ramps obtained from optimized control methods. We also show that this protocol requires excellent control over the isotropic character of the trapping potential.
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We construct a protocol to adiabatically prepare the ground state of a widely discussed number-conserving model Hamiltonian for ultracold atoms in optical lattices that supports Majorana edge states. In particular, we introduce a symmetry breaking mass term that amounts to threading a commensurate (artificial) magnetic flux through the plaquettes of the considered two-leg ladder which opens a constant bulk gap. This enables the preparation of the topological Majorana phase from a trivial Mott insulator state with optimal asymptotic scaling of the ramp time in system size, which is linear owing to the critical nature of the target state. Using constructive bosonization techniques that account for both finite size effects and global fermion number conservation, we are able to fully explain with theory the somewhat counterintuitive necessity of the aforementioned commensurate flux for a controlled bulk gap. Our analytical predictions are corroborated and quantified by unbiased numerical matrix product states (MPS) simulations. Directly building up on previous experimental work, the crucial flux-term of the proposed protocol is feasible with state-of-the-art experimental techniques in atomic quantum simulators.
Fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states are a central paradigm of strongly correlated quantum matter and a key platform for topological quantum computation. Here, we propose a purely dissipative protocol based on local loss and pump channels for preparing Laughlin-like states at filling 1/31/31/3, with a possible extension to other 1/M1/M1/M filling states. We show that the Laughlin-like state is the exact unique steady state of the Lindbladian under open boundary conditions. Finite-size analysis of the Lindbladian gap suggests efficient dissipative preparation over the system sizes and parameter regime considered. We further demonstrate adiabatic pumping of a Laughlin-like state through slow modulation of the pump channels during the evolution. Our work opens a feasible route to preparing and manipulating FQH states on near-term quantum simulators.
With the advent of ultracold atomic gases experimentally realized by laser cooling techniques nearly 40 years ago, the doors to accessing novel physical behaviour have been opened wide and far. Experimentally, research in this domain started with alkali atoms, proceeded with alkaline earth atoms, and only more recently embarked on atoms with higher complexity of their spectrum, as e.g. the highly dipolar lanthanide atomic species erbium and dysprosium. Those elements possess a non-vanishing orbital angular momentum in the ground state, leading to ample advantages for the manipulation with far-detuned laser light in phase imprinting schemes, as losses due to spontaneous scattering can be suppressed radically in comparison to the case of alkali atomic species. This beneficial behaviour will be used in the future for the generation of synthetic magnetic fields for electrically neutral erbium atoms aimed at investigating fractional quantum Hall physics. This thesis describes in the first part the generation of an atomic erbium Bose-Einstein condensate in a hybrid crossed optical dipole trap. The main purpose of this endeavor was an enhancement of absolute atom number of the degenerate ensemble and long-term stability of the experimental setup with respect to the use of a single beam dipole trap. A comparison of the here achieved results with respect to those achieved in only a single CO2 laser beam dipole trap is illustrated. In the second part of this thesis a theoretical evaluation of the generation of synthetic magnetic fields for ultracold erbium atoms in prospect for experimental investigations of fractional quantum Hall physics is presented. One of the most promising techniques for the realization of strong synthetic magnetic fields is by phase imprinting via Raman manipulation. Here for the theoretical calculation of such fields with erbium atoms a compared to earlier work on alkali atoms new modified optical Raman coupling scheme in a σ+ - σ- beam polarization configuration is chosen. It is shown that sufficiently high field strengths with good spatial homogeneity can be reached for experimentally viable parameters. Additionally, an estimation for the expected Laughlin gap in the proposed erbium atomic fractional quantum Hall system is given.