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arXiv:2605.05109

Dimeric Perylene-Bisimide Organic Molecules: Fractional-Time Control of Quantum Resources

Abdessamie Chhieb, Chaimae Banouni, Sliha Abdessamie

quant-phSubmitted May 6, 2026• Announced May 7, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this work, we explore the dynamics of quantum correlations, namely coherence, entanglement, and nonlocality associated with a Bell state, in a dimeric arrangement of organic PBI molecules, mediated by dipole-dipole interactions, under time-fractional dynamics. Within the framework of the time-fractional Schrödinger equation (TFSE) with Caputo fractional derivatives, we explore system dynamics for different values of the fractional order $τ$, transition energies, interaction strength, and purity $p$. We employ the relative entropy of coherence, logarithmic entanglement entropy and concurrence, and CHSH inequality to estimate system dynamics associated with coherence, entanglement, and nonlocality, respectively. These findings highlight the role of the fractional order $τ$ in system dynamics, including memory effects and relaxation, and thereby bring together ideas from fractional calculus and quantum information theory perspectives and discuss methodologies to control and utilize these molecular quantum correlations.

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Time-fractional Schrödinger evolution in coupled double quantum dots: memory effects on quantum resources

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Abstract Our work explores the time evolution of entanglement, local quantum uncertainty, and correlated coherence within a system modeled by two coupled double quantum dots. The dynamics is described using a time-fractional Schrödinger equation, which is treated here as a phenomenological effective framework introducing temporal nonlocality and memory-like effects, rather than as a first-principles open-system reduction. We vary the fractional parameter τ , the tunneling amplitudes δ A and δ B , and the inter-dot Coulomb interaction strength V , in order to investigate how these key parameters govern the generation, stabilization, and decay of quantum resources within the system. The obtained results reveal that, for both initial states (separable and partially entangled), fractional dynamics with a small τ rapidly generates entanglement reaching maximal values LN ≈ 1 together with strong non-classical correlations quantified by the local quantum uncertainty. Conversely, when τ is closer to unity, entanglement builds up more slowly but the memory-like effects allow quantum resources to remain significant for a longer time, with the negativity remaining above ≈ 0.6 . We also find that higher Coulomb-interaction frequencies V accelerate the build-up of correlations and stabilize coherence, while a strong tunneling asymmetry degrades entanglement and coherence despite the initial benefits of increasing quantum resources. We find that the standard unitary Schrödinger evolution is recovered analytically at τ = 1 , where the Mittag–Leffler functions reduce to ordinary exponentials, while decreasing τ progressively introduces fractional-time nonlocal (memory-like) effects.

Physica Scripta•Jul 27, 2026•0 citations

Time-Fractional Schrödinger Evolution in Coupled Double Quantum Dots: Memory Effects on Quantum Resources

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Our work explore the time evolution of entanglement, local quantum uncertainty, and correlated coherence, within a system modeled by two double quantum dots. The dynamics is represented using a time-fractional Schrödinger equation, which includes memory effects in a non-Markovian regime. We vary the fractional parameter $τ$, the tunneling amplitudes $δ_A$ and $δ_B$, as well as the inter-dot interaction strength $\mathcal{V}$, to investigate how these key parameters govern the generation, stabilization, and decay of quantum resources within the system. The obtained results reveal that, for both initial states, fractional dynamics with a low $τ$ rapidly generates entanglement expecting maximal values $\mathcal{LN}\approx 1$ and non-classical correlations quantified by local quantum uncertainty. Conversely, higher values of $τ$ lead to slower entanglement but memory effects allow quantum resources to remain significant for a longer time, with the negativity remaining above ($\approx 0.6$). We also find that higher interaction frequencies $\mathcal{V}$ accelerate correlations and stabilize coherence, while a strong tunneling asymmetry degrades entanglement and coherence despite the initial benefits of increasing quantum resources.

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Non-Markovian Dynamics of Time-Fractional Open Quantum Systems

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Applications of Time-Fractional Schrodinger Equations (TFSEs) to quantum processes are instructive for understanding and describing the time behavior of real physical systems. By applying three popular TFSEs, namely Naber's TFSE I, Naber's TFSE II, and XGF's TFSE, to a basic open system model of a two-level system (qubit) coupled resonantly to a dissipative environment, we solve exactly for Time-Fractional Single Qubit Open Systems (TFSQOSs). However, the three TFSEs perform badly for the following reasons. On the other hand, in the respective frameworks of the three TFSEs, the total probability for obtaining the system in a single-qubit state is not equal to one with time at fractional order, implying that time-fractional quantum mechanics violates quantum mechanical probability conservation. On the other hand, the latter two TFSEs are not capable of describing the non-Markovian dynamics of the system at all fractional order, only at some fractional order. To address this, we introduce a well-performed TFSE by constructing a new analytic continuation of time combined with the conformable fractional derivative, in which for all fractional order, not only does the total probability for the system equal one at all times but also the non-Markovian features can be observed throughout the time evolution of the system. Furthermore, we study the performances of the four TFSEs applying to an open system model of two isolated qubits each locally interacting with its dissipative environment. By deriving the exact solutions for time-fractional two qubits open systems, we show that our TFSE still possesses the above two advantages compared with the other three TFSEs.

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Fractional time dynamics of quantum correlations and coherence in an interacting qubit-qutrit system

Abdessamie Chhieb, Mansoura Oumennana, Mostafa Mansour +3 more

Abstract This research explores the progression of fractional time dynamics of quantum entanglement, nonclassical correlations, and quantum coherence C l 1 in a qubit-qutrit XXZ system through an in-depth analysis of the effects of the fractional parameter τ , the exchange interaction J , the XXZ exchange anisotropy δ , and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) D z , and the initial state. The results reveal that lower values of τ lead to a rapid and stable increase in quantum correlations (measured by logarithmic negativity, LN, and local quantum uncertainty (LQU) but cause a faster decay in coherence C l 1 , indicating a quick loss of quantum superposition. Conversely, higher values of τ slow the dynamics of correlations, allowing coherence to persist longer. The exchange strength J similarly influences stability: low J values promote fast correlation formation but reduce coherence stability, while high J values stabilize coherence at the expense of slower correlation growth. As for the XXZ anisotropy δ and DMI strength D z , lower values promote rapid quantum correlation development but compromise coherence. In contrast, higher values help sustain C l 1 over time, limiting the intensity of correlations. The initial state is also critical: an initially partially entangled state is more resilient to perturbations. It preserves correlations over time compared to a separable state, which exhibits cycles of entanglement creation and destruction. Thus, by tuning system parameters, it is possible to control the stability and duration of correlations and coherence, providing a framework for optimizing quantum systems in applications that require both strong entanglement and durable coherence, such as quantum computing and secure communication.

Physica Scripta•May 22, 2025•1 citation
In this work, we explore the dynamics of quantum correlations, namely coherence, entanglement, and nonlocality associated with a Bell state, in a dimeric arrangement of organic PBI molecules, mediated by dipole-dipole interactions, under time-fractional dynamics. Within the framework of the time-fractional Schrödinger equation (TFSE) with Caputo fractional derivatives, we explore system dynamics for different values of the fractional order τττ, transition energies, interaction strength, and purity ppp. We employ the relative entropy of coherence, logarithmic entanglement entropy and concurrence, and CHSH inequality to estimate system dynamics associated with coherence, entanglement, and nonlocality, respectively. These findings highlight the role of the fractional order τττ in system dynamics, including memory effects and relaxation, and thereby bring together ideas from fractional calculus and quantum information theory perspectives and discuss methodologies to control and utilize these molecular quantum correlations.
Arrays of covalently bound organic molecules possess potential for light-harvesting and energy transfer applications due to the strong coherent dipole-dipole coupling between the transition dipole moments of the molecules involved. Here, we show that such molecular systems, based on perylene molecules, can be considered as arrays of qubits that are amenable for laser-driven quantum coherent control. The perylene monomers exhibit dephasing times four orders of magnitude longer than a typical gating time, thus allowing for the execution of a large number of gate operations on the subpicosecond timescale. Specifically, we demonstrate quantum logic gates and entanglement in bipartite (dimer) and tripartite (trimer) systems of perylene-based arrays. In dimers, naturally entangled states with a tailored degree of entanglement can be produced. The nonlocality of the molecular trimer entanglement is demonstrated by testing Mermin's (Bell-like) inequality violation.
Abstract Our work explores the time evolution of entanglement, local quantum uncertainty, and correlated coherence within a system modeled by two coupled double quantum dots. The dynamics is described using a time-fractional Schrödinger equation, which is treated here as a phenomenological effective framework introducing temporal nonlocality and memory-like effects, rather than as a first-principles open-system reduction. We vary the fractional parameter τ , the tunneling amplitudes δ A and δ B , and the inter-dot Coulomb interaction strength V , in order to investigate how these key parameters govern the generation, stabilization, and decay of quantum resources within the system. The obtained results reveal that, for both initial states (separable and partially entangled), fractional dynamics with a small τ rapidly generates entanglement reaching maximal values LN ≈ 1 together with strong non-classical correlations quantified by the local quantum uncertainty. Conversely, when τ is closer to unity, entanglement builds up more slowly but the memory-like effects allow quantum resources to remain significant for a longer time, with the negativity remaining above ≈ 0.6 . We also find that higher Coulomb-interaction frequencies V accelerate the build-up of correlations and stabilize coherence, while a strong tunneling asymmetry degrades entanglement and coherence despite the initial benefits of increasing quantum resources. We find that the standard unitary Schrödinger evolution is recovered analytically at τ = 1 , where the Mittag–Leffler functions reduce to ordinary exponentials, while decreasing τ progressively introduces fractional-time nonlocal (memory-like) effects.
Our work explore the time evolution of entanglement, local quantum uncertainty, and correlated coherence, within a system modeled by two double quantum dots. The dynamics is represented using a time-fractional Schrödinger equation, which includes memory effects in a non-Markovian regime. We vary the fractional parameter τττ, the tunneling amplitudes δAδ_AδA​ and δBδ_BδB​, as well as the inter-dot interaction strength V\mathcal{V}V, to investigate how these key parameters govern the generation, stabilization, and decay of quantum resources within the system. The obtained results reveal that, for both initial states, fractional dynamics with a low τττ rapidly generates entanglement expecting maximal values LN≈1\mathcal{LN}\approx 1LN≈1 and non-classical correlations quantified by local quantum uncertainty. Conversely, higher values of τττ lead to slower entanglement but memory effects allow quantum resources to remain significant for a longer time, with the negativity remaining above (≈0.6\approx 0.6≈0.6). We also find that higher interaction frequencies V\mathcal{V}V accelerate correlations and stabilize coherence, while a strong tunneling asymmetry degrades entanglement and coherence despite the initial benefits of increasing quantum resources.
Applications of Time-Fractional Schrodinger Equations (TFSEs) to quantum processes are instructive for understanding and describing the time behavior of real physical systems. By applying three popular TFSEs, namely Naber's TFSE I, Naber's TFSE II, and XGF's TFSE, to a basic open system model of a two-level system (qubit) coupled resonantly to a dissipative environment, we solve exactly for Time-Fractional Single Qubit Open Systems (TFSQOSs). However, the three TFSEs perform badly for the following reasons. On the other hand, in the respective frameworks of the three TFSEs, the total probability for obtaining the system in a single-qubit state is not equal to one with time at fractional order, implying that time-fractional quantum mechanics violates quantum mechanical probability conservation. On the other hand, the latter two TFSEs are not capable of describing the non-Markovian dynamics of the system at all fractional order, only at some fractional order. To address this, we introduce a well-performed TFSE by constructing a new analytic continuation of time combined with the conformable fractional derivative, in which for all fractional order, not only does the total probability for the system equal one at all times but also the non-Markovian features can be observed throughout the time evolution of the system. Furthermore, we study the performances of the four TFSEs applying to an open system model of two isolated qubits each locally interacting with its dissipative environment. By deriving the exact solutions for time-fractional two qubits open systems, we show that our TFSE still possesses the above two advantages compared with the other three TFSEs.
The memory fractional effects of a one-axis twisting model on the dynamics of two-qubit entanglement and non-locality are discussed. It consists of solving the time-dependent fractional Schrödinger equation by extending any integration into non-integer orders using Riemann–Liouville integration. The obtained results present the possibility of controlling the fractional order of memory, varying the parameters to significantly generate concurrency and Bell’s non-locality. Under the current investigation setup, it is noticeable that the behaviors of the proposed quantifiers are similar to each other, but with a small difference in the amplitude of non-locality with respect to entanglement. Importantly, we show that the most intriguing aspect of this paper is to detect that pair-qubit entanglement and non-locality can be preserved for an indefinite time, which still holds significance in quantum information processing.
Abstract This research explores the progression of fractional time dynamics of quantum entanglement, nonclassical correlations, and quantum coherence C l 1 in a qubit-qutrit XXZ system through an in-depth analysis of the effects of the fractional parameter τ , the exchange interaction J , the XXZ exchange anisotropy δ , and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) D z , and the initial state. The results reveal that lower values of τ lead to a rapid and stable increase in quantum correlations (measured by logarithmic negativity, LN, and local quantum uncertainty (LQU) but cause a faster decay in coherence C l 1 , indicating a quick loss of quantum superposition. Conversely, higher values of τ slow the dynamics of correlations, allowing coherence to persist longer. The exchange strength J similarly influences stability: low J values promote fast correlation formation but reduce coherence stability, while high J values stabilize coherence at the expense of slower correlation growth. As for the XXZ anisotropy δ and DMI strength D z , lower values promote rapid quantum correlation development but compromise coherence. In contrast, higher values help sustain C l 1 over time, limiting the intensity of correlations. The initial state is also critical: an initially partially entangled state is more resilient to perturbations. It preserves correlations over time compared to a separable state, which exhibits cycles of entanglement creation and destruction. Thus, by tuning system parameters, it is possible to control the stability and duration of correlations and coherence, providing a framework for optimizing quantum systems in applications that require both strong entanglement and durable coherence, such as quantum computing and secure communication.