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arXiv:2605.02166

Chiral Quantum Transport with Perfect Circulation: From Floquet Engineering toAnyonic Dynamics

Chaorong Guo, Hongzheng Wu, Zenong Zhou, Ai-Xi Chen, Xiaobing Luo

quant-phSubmitted May 4, 2026• Announced May 5, 2026• 0 citations• Revised May 11, 2026 (v2)
v1 · May 4, 2026v2 · May 11, 2026
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Abstract

Perfect chiral circulation-the sequential transfer of a quantum state around a closed loop with unit fidelity-has been achieved in specific few-site systems, yet the universal physical conditions underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. We prove that discrete translational invariance and an equidistant energy spectrum together constitute the necessary and sufficient conditions for perfect chiral circulation. With this criterion established, an exact closed-form Hamiltonian valid for arbitrary $N$-site rings naturally follows. In the minimal three-site ring, we demonstrate two physically distinct realizations: Floquet engineering of a driven open chain that restores translational invariance by equalizing the couplings, and correlated doublon dynamics in an anyon-Hubbard model where fractional statistics intrinsically provide the chiral flux that renders the spectrum equidistant. Our results establish unified physical criteria for perfect chiral circulation and demonstrate their applicability across diverse platforms such as superconducting circuits, cold atoms, classical electrical circuits, and photonic synthetic dimensions.

Comments
10 pages, 6 figures

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Chiral Parafermions in Floquet ZN\mathbb{Z}_NZN​ Topological Order
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Superconducting qubits provide a competitive platform for quantum simulation of complex dynamics that lies at the heart of quantum many-body systems, because of the flexibility and scalability afforded by the nature of microfabrication. However, in a multiqubit device, the physical form of couplings between qubits is either an electric (capacitor) or magnetic field (inductor), and the associated quadratic field energy determines that only two-body interaction in the Hamiltonian can be directly realized. Here, we propose and experimentally synthesize a three-body spin-chirality interaction in a superconducting circuit based on Floquet engineering. By periodically modulating the resonant frequencies of the qubits connected with each other via capacitors, we can dynamically turn on and off qubit–qubit couplings and further create chiral flows of the excitations in the three-qubit circular loop. Our result is a step toward engineering dynamical and many-body interactions in multiqubit superconducting devices, which potentially expands the degree of freedom in quantum simulation tasks.
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Low-dimensional quantum systems can host anyons, particles with exchange statistics that are neither bosonic nor fermionic. However, the physics of one-dimensional (1D) anyons remains largely unexplored. Using ultracold bosonic Rb-87 atoms in an optical lattice, we realize and explore the anyon-Hubbard model, which hosts 1D anyons and features a rich phase diagram. We implement the model using techniques from Floquet engineering, realizing the statistical phase in the form of a density-dependent Peierls phase. Using our high-resolution imaging system, we explore both the dynamical and ground state behavior in the anyon-Hubbard model. In the first set of experiments, we probe 1D anyons via two-particle quantum walks, observing the anyonic Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect, as well as the formation of bound states without on-site interactions. Once interactions are introduced, we observe spatially asymmetric transport in contrast to the symmetric dynamics of bosons and fermions. In the next set of experiments, we adiabatically prepare and probe ground states in the anyon-Hubbard model. First, we observe continuous fermionization in the density profile with increasing statistical phase. Then, we probe the chirality of the bound states in the anyon-Hubbard model, drawing similarities to a continuum model of 1D anyons. This work constitutes the first experimental study of the anyon-Hubbard model, and lays the foundation for exploration in the strongly correlated many-body regime.