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arXiv:2604.13146

Flavoured Lattice Schwinger Model with Chiral Anomaly

Dogukan Bakircioglu

hep-lathep-thquant-phSubmitted Apr 14, 2026• Announced Apr 15, 2026• Revised Aug 13, 2026 (v4)
v1 · Apr 14, 2026v2 · Apr 20, 2026v3 · Jul 13, 2026v4 · Aug 13, 2026
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Abstract

We introduce the \emph{flavoured lattice Schwinger model}, a $(1{+}1)$-dimensional $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory in which the fermion doubling problem is resolved by staggering a $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ flavour degree of freedom rather than staggering chirality. Unlike the standard approaches, this construction preserves an exact axial $U(1)$ symmetry at finite lattice spacing. We derive the continuum limit, showing that the model reduces to the \emph{two-flavour} massless Schwinger model, with flavours $α\in\{0,1\}$ sharing one dynamical $U(1)$ gauge field. The central result is a well-defined, regularised, gauge-invariant lattice axial charge $Q_{G}^{A}$ whose continuum non-conservation $\langle dQ_{G}^{A}/dt\rangle = -(2g/π)\!\int\! dx\,\langle E(x)\rangle$ arises as a direct dynamical consequence of minimal gauge coupling. A particle-hole transformation on the $χ$ flavour exposes a hidden $U_{L}(2)\times U_{R}(2)$ chiral symmetry; non-Abelian bosonisation then identifies the model with a massive abelian Schwinger sector tensored with the level-$1$ $SU(2)$ Wess--Zumino--Witten model. Finally, we show that embedding the flavoured fermions in a ribbon-shaped $(2{+}1)$D Bernevig--Hughes--Zhang topological insulator and gauging the bulk in a constant background field factorises the boundary theory into \emph{two decoupled} single-flavour Schwinger models, one on each edge, identifying the lattice factor of $2$ as one quantum of Schwinger anomaly per edge.

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