Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2604.03633

Nonlocal advantage of quantum imaginarity in Schwarzchild spacetime

Bing Yu, Xiao-Yong Yang, Xiao-Li Hu, Zhi-Xiang Jin, Xiao-Fen Huang

quant-phgr-qcSubmitted Apr 4, 2026• Announced Apr 7, 2026• 0 citations• Revised Apr 7, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Apr 4, 2026v2 · Apr 7, 2026v3 · Apr 14, 2026
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Black hole spacetimes provide a natural setting for quantum systems in curved spacetime, where effects such as Hawking radiation arise from event horizons. In this work, we investigate the impact of the Hawking effect on quantum imaginarity in Schwarzschild spacetime, focusing on nonlocal advantage of quantum imaginarity (NAQI) and assisted imaginarity distillation. For NAQI, it is significantly affected by Hawking radiation, exhibiting a pronounced difference between physically accessible and inaccessible regions. It is suppressed in the physically accessible region with increasing Hawking temperature and may vanish, while remaining absent in the physically inaccessible region across the parameter regime. For assisted imaginarity distillation, the Hawking effect modifies the assisted fidelity in a state-dependent manner. In the physically accessible region, the fidelity generally decreases with increasing temperature, indicating reduced distillation capability, whereas the physically inaccessible region exhibits the opposite monotonic trend, indicating enhanced distillation capability. These results highlight distinct operational behaviors of physically accessible and inaccessible regions under relativistic effects, providing insight into quantum imaginarity in curved spacetime.

Comments
8 pages, 24 figures

Related papers

Evolution of quantum imaginarity in black hole quantum atmosphere

Ruopu Sun, Xiaofen Huang

Quantum imaginarity, as a critical resource metric for quantifying intrinsic nonreal coherence encoded in quantum states, exhibits nontrivial evolutionary behaviors in curved spacetime backgrounds. This work focuses on bipartite Dirac field reduced states in the quantum atmosphere of a static Schwarzschild black hole, aiming to explore the modulation of three mainstream imaginarity measures by Hawking thermal radiation. We reveal that the relative-entropy imaginarity, the geometric imaginarity and robustness of imaginarity, the fully accessible state presents a valley-shaped radial profile with a local minimum inside the quantum atmosphere, while the cross-coupling and fully inaccessible states follow opposite peak-shaped trends. Further analysis demonstrates that the Hartle-Hawking constant significantly strengthens the redistribution effect of imaginarity across both regions, whereas an increase in the event horizon radius weakens such redistribution and flattens the extremum features. These findings offer a new perspective for decoding the information structure of black hole quantum atmospheres and the intrinsic quantum nature of Hawking radiation.

quant-pharXiv:2609.17314•Sep 16, 2026•0 citations

Nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence in the black hole quantum atmosphere

Fei Ming, Tao-Tao Lu, Zheng-Qiang Xu +6 more

The effect of Hawking radiation on nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC) is investigated by considering the Hartle-Hawking temperature under the Schwarzschild space-time. We analyze the characteristics of NAQC in the physically accessible and inaccessible regions. It is found that the minimum value for NAQC is indeed corresponding to the peak of Hawking radiation in accessible regions. Owing to the Hawking effect, quantum resource for the accessible and inaccessible regions is redistributed, and the trade-off relation for the information flow is revealed in the black hole. Besides, we examined the influences of Hawking radius, the distance from the black hole center to particle and the Hartle-Hawking constant on NAQC. It indicates that the smaller Hartle-Hawking constant and larger Hawking radius leads to an increase of NAQC in the physically accessible system. In addition, the hierarchical relationship among various quantum resources is verified in the black hole. If NAQC is achieved in the accessible region, the systemic state must be entangled, steerable and Bell nonlocal. Our findings show that the signatures of quantum atmosphere can be detected via NAQC and it offers a valuable insight on understanding the origination of Hawking radiation.

Physics Letters B•Feb 3, 2026•2 citations

Quantum Steering of Imaginarity in Schwarzschild Spacetime

Bing Yu, Xiaoyong Yang, Xiaoli Hu +2 more

ABSTRACT We study the distribution of quantum imaginarity in Schwarzschild spacetime under Hawking radiation via imaginarity steering functionals. For bipartite systems, we analyze Werner states and general two‐qubit X‐states and find that the steering functional of physically accessible states decreases monotonically with Hawking temperature, shrinking the steerable region, whereas physically inaccessible states remain unsteerable for all temperatures. For multipartite systems, we consider general three‐qubit pure states up to local unitary equivalence and show that Hawking radiation induces a family of monogamy‐like steering inequalities with temperature‐independent bounds determined by subsystem accessibility. The corresponding maximal sum of imaginarity steering functionals decreases as the Hawking temperature increases when both subsystems are accessible, remains invariant when only one subsystem is inaccessible, and increases when both subsystems are inaccessible. These results reveal how Hawking radiation reshapes the distribution of imaginarity in relativistic spacetime.

Annalen der Physik•Aug 1, 2026•0 citations

Performance of quantum imaginarity in black hole spacetime

Shiyan Li, Yimei Yuan, Xiaofen Huang

Quantum imaginarity is a fundamental quantum resource essential for quantum information processing. In this paper, we investigate the dynamical evolution behavior of quantum imaginarity for tripartite quantum mixed states in Schwarzschild spacetime. We find that Hawking radiation degrades the quantum resource of imaginarity, consistent with the behavior of entanglement and coherence under the Hawking effect. Interestingly, imaginarity exhibits a sharp change in the early stage of Hawking radiation, after which it varies slowly and asymptotically approaches a steady value. We further derive several trade-off relations that characterize the nonlocal redistribution of imaginarity across Rindler horizons. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of quantum resource behaviors in black hole spacetimes.

arXiv:2609.00573•Sep 1, 2026•0 citations

Hierarchical relationship of nonlocal correlations in Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime

Huimin Yao, Li Zhang, Cuihong Wen +1 more

Abstract We investigate the hierarchy of nonlocal correlations for Dirac fields in the Schwarzschild de Sitter (SdS) spacetime. We find that the hierarchical relationship between the nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC) and Bell nonlocality remains in the multi-event horizon curved spacetime. It is demonstrated that the NAQC and Bell nonlocality provide a more rigorous characterization of physically inaccessible quantum properties than coherence, as classical information cannot be transmitted across the thermally opaque membrane. Furthermore, when considering an effective equilibrium temperature, an enhancement in quantum nonlocality with increasing temperature is observed, which challenges the conventional understanding that the Hawking effect solely diminishes quantum nonlocality. This study contributes to integrating quantum resource theory within the context of multi-event horizon black holes.

The European Physical Journal C•Jan 23, 2025•7 citations

Does the Hawking effect have the same impact on quantum entanglement and coherence in curved spacetime?

Yu-Xuan Wang, Shu-Min Wu, Zhihong Liu

Abstract We investigate how the Hawking effect reshapes distinct quantum resources of Dirac fields in Schwarzschild spacetime beyond the single-mode approximation. By quantifying quantum entanglement and coherence using the negativity, the l 1 -norm of coherence and the relative entropy of coherence, we observe a significant asymmetry in their response to gravitational effects. While the Hawking effect monotonically degrades entanglement and drives it toward a finite residual value, quantum coherence is instead monotonically amplified with increasing Hawking temperature, revealing the black hole as an effective decohering environment for nonlocal correlations but a coherence-enhancing mechanism for local superposition. Notably, we further find that under the influence of the Hawking effect, the maximally entangled state does not necessarily correspond to the largest initial negativity. In fact, its value may even be smaller than that of certain non-maximally entangled states. Our results demonstrate that gravity acts in a highly nonuniform manner on different facets of quantumness and highlight the necessity of resource-adapted state engineering for relativistic quantum information processing near the event horizon of the black hole.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Jun 17, 2026•0 citations
Black hole spacetimes provide a natural setting for quantum systems in curved spacetime, where effects such as Hawking radiation arise from event horizons. In this work, we investigate the impact of the Hawking effect on quantum imaginarity in Schwarzschild spacetime, focusing on nonlocal advantage of quantum imaginarity (NAQI) and assisted imaginarity distillation. For NAQI, it is significantly affected by Hawking radiation, exhibiting a pronounced difference between physically accessible and inaccessible regions. It is suppressed in the physically accessible region with increasing Hawking temperature and may vanish, while remaining absent in the physically inaccessible region across the parameter regime. For assisted imaginarity distillation, the Hawking effect modifies the assisted fidelity in a state-dependent manner. In the physically accessible region, the fidelity generally decreases with increasing temperature, indicating reduced distillation capability, whereas the physically inaccessible region exhibits the opposite monotonic trend, indicating enhanced distillation capability. These results highlight distinct operational behaviors of physically accessible and inaccessible regions under relativistic effects, providing insight into quantum imaginarity in curved spacetime.
Quantum imaginarity, as a critical resource metric for quantifying intrinsic nonreal coherence encoded in quantum states, exhibits nontrivial evolutionary behaviors in curved spacetime backgrounds. This work focuses on bipartite Dirac field reduced states in the quantum atmosphere of a static Schwarzschild black hole, aiming to explore the modulation of three mainstream imaginarity measures by Hawking thermal radiation. We reveal that the relative-entropy imaginarity, the geometric imaginarity and robustness of imaginarity, the fully accessible state presents a valley-shaped radial profile with a local minimum inside the quantum atmosphere, while the cross-coupling and fully inaccessible states follow opposite peak-shaped trends. Further analysis demonstrates that the Hartle-Hawking constant significantly strengthens the redistribution effect of imaginarity across both regions, whereas an increase in the event horizon radius weakens such redistribution and flattens the extremum features. These findings offer a new perspective for decoding the information structure of black hole quantum atmospheres and the intrinsic quantum nature of Hawking radiation.
The effect of Hawking radiation on nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC) is investigated by considering the Hartle-Hawking temperature under the Schwarzschild space-time. We analyze the characteristics of NAQC in the physically accessible and inaccessible regions. It is found that the minimum value for NAQC is indeed corresponding to the peak of Hawking radiation in accessible regions. Owing to the Hawking effect, quantum resource for the accessible and inaccessible regions is redistributed, and the trade-off relation for the information flow is revealed in the black hole. Besides, we examined the influences of Hawking radius, the distance from the black hole center to particle and the Hartle-Hawking constant on NAQC. It indicates that the smaller Hartle-Hawking constant and larger Hawking radius leads to an increase of NAQC in the physically accessible system. In addition, the hierarchical relationship among various quantum resources is verified in the black hole. If NAQC is achieved in the accessible region, the systemic state must be entangled, steerable and Bell nonlocal. Our findings show that the signatures of quantum atmosphere can be detected via NAQC and it offers a valuable insight on understanding the origination of Hawking radiation.
ABSTRACT We study the distribution of quantum imaginarity in Schwarzschild spacetime under Hawking radiation via imaginarity steering functionals. For bipartite systems, we analyze Werner states and general two‐qubit X‐states and find that the steering functional of physically accessible states decreases monotonically with Hawking temperature, shrinking the steerable region, whereas physically inaccessible states remain unsteerable for all temperatures. For multipartite systems, we consider general three‐qubit pure states up to local unitary equivalence and show that Hawking radiation induces a family of monogamy‐like steering inequalities with temperature‐independent bounds determined by subsystem accessibility. The corresponding maximal sum of imaginarity steering functionals decreases as the Hawking temperature increases when both subsystems are accessible, remains invariant when only one subsystem is inaccessible, and increases when both subsystems are inaccessible. These results reveal how Hawking radiation reshapes the distribution of imaginarity in relativistic spacetime.
Quantum imaginarity is a fundamental quantum resource essential for quantum information processing. In this paper, we investigate the dynamical evolution behavior of quantum imaginarity for tripartite quantum mixed states in Schwarzschild spacetime. We find that Hawking radiation degrades the quantum resource of imaginarity, consistent with the behavior of entanglement and coherence under the Hawking effect. Interestingly, imaginarity exhibits a sharp change in the early stage of Hawking radiation, after which it varies slowly and asymptotically approaches a steady value. We further derive several trade-off relations that characterize the nonlocal redistribution of imaginarity across Rindler horizons. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of quantum resource behaviors in black hole spacetimes.
Abstract We investigate the hierarchy of nonlocal correlations for Dirac fields in the Schwarzschild de Sitter (SdS) spacetime. We find that the hierarchical relationship between the nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC) and Bell nonlocality remains in the multi-event horizon curved spacetime. It is demonstrated that the NAQC and Bell nonlocality provide a more rigorous characterization of physically inaccessible quantum properties than coherence, as classical information cannot be transmitted across the thermally opaque membrane. Furthermore, when considering an effective equilibrium temperature, an enhancement in quantum nonlocality with increasing temperature is observed, which challenges the conventional understanding that the Hawking effect solely diminishes quantum nonlocality. This study contributes to integrating quantum resource theory within the context of multi-event horizon black holes.
Abstract We investigate how the Hawking effect reshapes distinct quantum resources of Dirac fields in Schwarzschild spacetime beyond the single-mode approximation. By quantifying quantum entanglement and coherence using the negativity, the l 1 -norm of coherence and the relative entropy of coherence, we observe a significant asymmetry in their response to gravitational effects. While the Hawking effect monotonically degrades entanglement and drives it toward a finite residual value, quantum coherence is instead monotonically amplified with increasing Hawking temperature, revealing the black hole as an effective decohering environment for nonlocal correlations but a coherence-enhancing mechanism for local superposition. Notably, we further find that under the influence of the Hawking effect, the maximally entangled state does not necessarily correspond to the largest initial negativity. In fact, its value may even be smaller than that of certain non-maximally entangled states. Our results demonstrate that gravity acts in a highly nonuniform manner on different facets of quantumness and highlight the necessity of resource-adapted state engineering for relativistic quantum information processing near the event horizon of the black hole.