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arXiv:2603.18181

Fully selective charging of a quantum battery by a purely quantum charger

Yohan Vianna, Marcelo F. Santos

quant-phphysics.app-phphysics.atom-phSubmitted Mar 18, 2026• Announced Mar 20, 2026• 0 citations
v1 · Mar 18, 2026v2 · Mar 22, 2026
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Abstract

In this paper we discuss a protocol for charging a two-level quantum battery using a bipartite charger composed of two quantum harmonic oscillators. As one of its features, it allows us to fully charge the battery and is universally optimal in the regime of a single excitation added as energy input. We also make use of a selective interaction to extend the protocol for a different class of quantum states and show that, in this case, the presence of quantum coherence can be harnessed as energetic resource to charge multiple similar batteries. Among these, we also explore symmetries of the derived effective dynamics to quickly discuss how the same protocol can be adapted to the task of \textit{active state resetting}, a task which is particularly useful in the quantum computation area.

Comments
12 pages, 8 figures

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In this paper we discuss a protocol for charging a two-level quantum battery using a bipartite charger composed of two quantum harmonic oscillators. As one of its features, it allows us to fully charge the battery and is universally optimal in the regime of a single excitation added as energy input. We also make use of a selective interaction to extend the protocol for a different class of quantum states and show that, in this case, the presence of quantum coherence can be harnessed as energetic resource to charge multiple similar batteries. Among these, we also explore symmetries of the derived effective dynamics to quickly discuss how the same protocol can be adapted to the task of \textit{active state resetting}, a task which is particularly useful in the quantum computation area.
Abstract Quantum control allows us to address the problem of engineering quantum dynamics for special purposes. While recently the field of quantum batteries has attracted much attention, optimization of their charging has not benefited from the quantum control methods. Here we fill this gap by using an optimization method. We apply for the first time the convergent iterative method for the control of the population of a bipartite quantum system in two cases, starting with a qubit-qubit case. The quantum charger-battery system is considered here, where the energy is pumped into the charger by an external classical electromagnetic field. Secondly, we systematically extend our investigation to a second case involving two harmonic oscillators in the Gaussian regime, presenting an original formulation of the method. In both cases, the charger is considered to be an open dissipative system, as its interaction with the drive may require a more pronounced exposure to general interaction with environment. A key consideration in our optimization strategy is the practical concern of turning the charging external field on and off. We find that optimizing the pulse shape yields a substantial enhancement in both the power and efficiency of the charging process compared to a sinusoidal drive. The harmonic oscillator configuration of quantum batteries is particularly intriguing, as the optimal driving pulse remains effective regardless of the environmental temperature. This study introduces a novel approach to quantum battery charging optimization, opening avenues for enhanced performance in real-world applications.
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We study a minimal model for charging a quantum battery consisting of a two-level system (TLS) acting as a charger, coupled to a harmonic oscillator that serves as the quantum battery. A single-photon quantum pulse of light excites the TLS, which subsequently transfers its excitation to the isolated battery. The TLS may also decay into the electromagnetic environment. We obtain analytical solutions for the dynamics of the battery and determine the optimal pulse shape that maximizes the stored energy. The optimal pulse saturates a universal bound for the stored energy, determined by the TLS decay rates into the pulse and the environment. Furthermore, we derive the minimum charging time and establish a quantum speed limit at the exceptional point, where a critical transition occurs in the system's dynamics. We also present analytical expressions for the charging power and investigate the pulse duration that maximizes it.
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Abstract We study a minimal model for charging a quantum battery consisting of a two-level system (TLS) acting as a charger, coupled to a harmonic oscillator that serves as the quantum battery. A single-photon quantum pulse of light excites the TLS, which subsequently transfers its excitation to the isolated battery. The TLS may also decay into the electromagnetic environment. We obtain analytical solutions for the battery dynamics and determine the optimal pulse shape that maximizes the stored energy. The optimal pulse saturates a universal bound for the stored energy, determined by the TLS decay rates into the pulse and the environment. Furthermore, we derive the minimum charging time and establish a quantum speed limit at the exceptional point, where a critical transition occurs in the system’s dynamics. We also present analytical expressions for the charging power and investigate the pulse duration that maximizes it.