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arXiv:2603.04108

Entanglement between quantum dots transmitted via Majorana wire: Insights from the fermionic negativity, concurrence and quantum mutual information

C. Jasiukiewicz, A. Sinner, I. Weymann, T. Domański, L. Chotorlishvili

quant-phSubmitted Mar 4, 2026• Announced Mar 5, 2026• 0 citations• Revised Oct 2, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Mar 4, 2026v2 · Oct 2, 2026
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Abstract

We study quantum entanglement in a system comprising two quantum dots interconnected through the short topological superconducting nanowire, which hosts overlapping boundary Majorana modes. Inspecting the fermionic negativity, we analyze the variation of entanglement against the position of the energy levels of quantum dots and their hybridization with the topological superconducting nanowire. In the absence of electron correlations, the optimal entanglement occurs when the energy levels coincide with the zero-energy Majorana modes, whereas upon increasing the hybridizations, the entanglement is gradually suppressed. Such monotonous behavior is no longer valid when the quantum dot levels are detuned from the zero-energy. Under these circumstances, the quantum dots become maximally entangled for a certain optimal hybridization. Moreover, we study the thermal concurrence to explore the entanglement properties at finite temperatures. We also compute the quantum mutual information and propose recipes for robust finite-temperature entanglement transmission via Majorana modes.

Journal reference
Phys. Rev. B 111, 075415 (2025)
Comments
10 pages, 6 figures

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We study quantum entanglement in a system comprising two quantum dots interconnected through the short topological superconducting nanowire, which hosts overlapping boundary Majorana modes. Inspecting the fermionic negativity, we analyze the variation of entanglement against the position of the energy levels of quantum dots and their hybridization with the topological superconducting nanowire. In the absence of electron correlations, the optimal entanglement occurs when the energy levels coincide with the zero-energy Majorana modes, whereas upon increasing the hybridizations, the entanglement is gradually suppressed. Such monotonous behavior is no longer valid when the quantum dot levels are detuned from the zero-energy. Under these circumstances, the quantum dots become maximally entangled for a certain optimal hybridization. Moreover, we study the thermal concurrence to explore the entanglement properties at finite temperatures. We also compute the quantum mutual information and propose recipes for robust finite-temperature entanglement transmission via Majorana modes.
We study quantum entanglement in a system comprising two quantum dots interconnected through the short topological superconducting nanowire, which hosts overlapping boundary Majorana modes. Inspecting the fermionic negativity, we analyze the variation of entanglement against the position of the energy levels of quantum dots and their hybridization with the topological superconducting nanowire. In the absence of electron correlations, the optimal entanglement occurs when the energy levels coincide with the zero-energy Majorana modes, whereas upon increasing the hybridizations, the entanglement is gradually suppressed. Such monotonous behavior is no longer valid when the quantum dot levels are detuned from the zero-energy. Under these circumstances, the quantum dots become maximally entangled for a certain optimal hybridization. Moreover, we study the thermal concurrence to explore the entanglement properties at finite temperatures. We also compute the quantum mutual information and propose recipes for robust finite-temperature entanglement transmission via Majorana modes.
Nonlocal entanglement between two quantum dots (QDs) can be generated through Majorana fermions. The two Majorana fermions at the ends of a one-dimensional topological superconductor form a nonlocal electronic level, which couples the occupation states of the two QDs located close to the two ends and brings the whole system into an entangled state, even at low temperatures and zero bias voltage. Upon introducing a charging energy by a capacitor, entanglement of the whole system can manifest itself through the nonlocal entanglement between the two QDs. Explicitly, the conditional probabilities of electron occupation on one QD with and without electron occupation on the other QD deviate from each other, with the difference proportional to the concurrence of quantum entanglement between the two QDs. Therefore detecting the difference in conditional probabilities, which is achievable experimentally by established techniques, provides evidence of the nonlocal nature of the fermion level constructed by the two end Majorana fermions.
Majorana bound states emerge in topological superconductors as zero-energy edge states exhibiting spatial nonlocality. Despite the enormous advances, the detection of Majorana bound states is still challenging, mainly because topologically trivial Andreev bound states produce similar signatures. In this work, we consider a topological superconductor with Majorana bound states coupled to quantum dots and investigate the dynamics of their quantum correlations with the aim to explore their entanglement properties. In particular, we characterize entanglement by using concurrence and discord, which are also complemented by entanglement dynamics and return probability. We find that Majorana bound states at truly zero energy can transform an initially entangled system into its classical state, while they can create maximally entangled states at a finite energy overlap. Interestingly, we show that the system can generate a maximally entangled state between MBSs and a quantum dot by simply controlling the Majorana nonlocality. We demonstrate that these results hold in scenarios when the initial state is either maximally entangled or separable, albeit in the latter, maximally entangled states are achieved in the long time dynamics. Furthermore, we contrast our findings with those produced by a regular fermion and obtain very distinct entanglement signatures. Our work offers an alternative approach to characterizing Majorana bound states, which can also be useful towards their utilization for quantum information tasks. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We study three important measurements used to identify the quantum correlations between two quantum dots (QDs) mediated by a pair of Majorana fermions (MFs) in a superconducting quantum wire. We find that, in addition to the quantum discord, the robustness of coherence (ROC) can also be considered as a quantity to measure the quantum correlation for the special case where the quantum entanglement is vanishing. For comparison, we study the quantum correlation between two QDs mediated by other fermions, i.e., regular fermions and superconducting fermions. We find that, when the quantum entanglement is not vanishing, i.e., the concurrence is finite, the detailed difference between the concurrence and ROC can be considered as an important implication for the existence of MFs.
We propose a scheme to realize coherent quantum information transfer between topological and conventional charge qubits. We first consider a hybrid system where a quantum dot (QD) is tunnel-coupled to a semiconductor Majorana-hosted nanowire (MNW) via using gated control as a switch, the information encoded in the superposition state of electron empty and occupied state can be transferred to each other through choosing the proper interaction time to make measurements. Then we consider another system including a double QDs and a pair of parallel MNWs, it is shown that the entanglement information transfer can be realized between the two kinds of systems. We also realize long distance quantum information transfer between two quantum dots separated by an MNW, by making use of the nonlocal fermionic level formed with the pared Majorana feimions (MFs) emerging at the two ends of the MNW. Furthermore, we analyze the teleportationlike electron transfer phenomenon predicted by Tewari et al. [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 , 027001 (2008)] in our considered system. Interestingly, we find that this phenomenon exactly corresponds to the case that the information encoded in one QD just returns back to its original place during the dynamical evolution of the combined system from the perspective of quantum state transfer.
We propose a scheme to realize coherent quantum information transfer between topological and conventional charge qubits. We first consider a hybrid system where a quantum dot(QD) is tunnel-coupled to a semiconductor Majorana-hosted nanowire(MNW) via using gated control as a switch, the information encoded in the superposition state of electron empty and occupied state can be transferred to each other through choosing the proper interaction time to make measurements.Then we consider another system including a double QDs and a pair of parallel MNWs, it is shown that the entanglement information transfer can be realized between the two kinds of systems. We also realize long distance quantum information transfer between two quantum dots separated by an MNW, by making use of the nonlocal fermionic level formed with the pared Majorana feimions(MFs) emerging at the two ends of the MNW. Furthermore, we analyze the teleportationlike electron transfer phenomenon predicted by Tewari et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 027001(2008)] in our considered system.Interestingly, we find that this phenomenon exactly corresponds to the case that the information encoded in one QD just returns back to its original place during the dynamical evolution of the combined system from the perspective of quantum state transfer.