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arXiv:2603.03600

Dynamical Superfluid and Bose-Insulator Phases in Quantized Polariton Lattices

Ghosh, Sanjib

Published Mar 4, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate that Hilbert-space quantization in polariton lattices-manifested as multiple quantized energy levels in strongly confined sites-provides an unconventional route to realizing and manipulating different quantum phases. We show that nonlinear interactions transfer population into excited on-site quantum levels, which acts as an intrinsic dynamical channel controlling quantum coherence across the lattice. While weak nonlinearity confines polaritons to the lowest mode, yielding a robust superfluid phase with broken U(1) symmetry, strong nonlinearity induces phase diffusion through inter-level mixing. This dynamically generated fluctuations suppress global phase coherence and drives the system into a dynamical Bose-insulating phase. The changes between these phases occurs either as a nonequilibrium phase transition or a sharp crossover.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2603.03600

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We demonstrate that Hilbert-space quantization in polariton lattices-manifested as multiple quantized energy levels in strongly confined sites-provides an unconventional route to realizing and manipulating different quantum phases. We show that nonlinear interactions transfer population into excited on-site quantum levels, which acts as an intrinsic dynamical channel controlling quantum coherence across the lattice. While weak nonlinearity confines polaritons to the lowest mode, yielding a robust superfluid phase with broken U(1) symmetry, strong nonlinearity induces phase diffusion through inter-level mixing. This dynamically generated fluctuations suppress global phase coherence and drives the system into a dynamical Bose-insulating phase. The changes between these phases occurs either as a nonequilibrium phase transition or a sharp crossover.
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The tunneling properties of a quantum system of matter waves inside a periodic potential can be dramatically changed if the potential is driven back and forth. Similarly to an atom in a strong radiation field, the matter waves inside the strongly driven potential are "dressed" and acquire new properties. In this paper, the authors have demonstrated that such dressed matter waves can be coherently and adiabatically loaded and controlled in one, two and three dimensional strongly driven optical lattices. In the driven lattices the tunneling probability and the tunneling phase between adjacent lattice sites become a function of the driving parameters. The regimes in which the driving parameters can be changed without exciting the system have been identified, thus allowing coherent and adiabatic following. This coherent control is then used in order to reversibly induce the superfluid-Mott insulator phase transition by changing the the driving strength.
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Dissipation is ubiquitous in nature and plays a crucial role in quantum systems such as causing decoherence of quantum states. Recently, much attention has been paid to an intriguing possibility of dissipation as an efficient tool for the preparation and manipulation of quantum states. We report the realization of successful demonstration of a novel role of dissipation in a quantum phase transition using cold atoms. We realize an engineered dissipative Bose-Hubbard system by introducing a controllable strength of two-body inelastic collision via photoassociation for ultracold bosons in a three-dimensional optical lattice. In the dynamics subjected to a slow ramp-down of the optical lattice, we find that strong on-site dissipation favors the Mott insulating state: The melting of the Mott insulator is delayed, and the growth of the phase coherence is suppressed. The controllability of the dissipation is highlighted by quenching the dissipation, providing a novel method for investigating a quantum many-body state and its nonequilibrium dynamics.
We investigate the formation of mutual coherence and deterministic phase control in a multimode exciton-polariton system realized in two optically induced traps with tunable intertrap coupling. As the coupling channel between the traps is progressively opened, the mutual first-order coherence rises sharply from nearly zero to values close to unity, revealing a threshold-like crossover from weakly correlated to highly coherent dynamics. We demonstrate deterministic multimode phase control with a short spatially localized nonresonant pulse, which allows the phase relations between selected polariton condensate modes to be set while keeping their amplitudes nearly unchanged. The induced phase transformation is read out directly from time-resolved interferograms and realized for different sets of modes in both intermediate- and high-coherence regimes. Within a reduced four-mode description, the control pulse implements an effective phase operator on the coherent multimode field with a fidelity exceeding 0.995. The same approach can be extended to larger networks of coupled traps, offering a route to optical control over phase relations in increasingly complex multimode polariton states.