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arXiv:2602.16513 · Quantum Science and Technology

Port-based teleportation under pure-dephasing decoherence

Rajendra S. Bhati, Michał Studziński, Jarosław K. Korbicz

quant-phSubmitted Feb 18, 2026• Announced Feb 19, 2026• 0 citations• Revised Sep 7, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Feb 18, 2026v2 · Sep 7, 2026
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Abstract

We study deterministic port based teleportation in the presence of noise affecting both the entangled resource state and the measurement process. We focus on a physically motivated model in which each Bell pair constituting the resource interacts with an identical local environment, corresponding to independently distributed entangled links. Two noisy scenarios are analyzed: one with decoherence acting solely on the resource state and ideal measurements, and another with noisy, noise adapted measurements optimised for the given noise model. In the first case, we derive an analytical lower bound and later a closed-form expression for the entanglement fidelity of the teleportation channel and analyze its asymptotic behaviour. In the second, we combine semi analytical and numerical methods. Surprisingly, we find that noise-adapted measurements perform worse than the noiseless ones. To connect the abstract noise description with microscopic physics, we embed the protocol in a spin boson model and investigate the influence of bath memory and temperature on the teleportation fidelity, highlighting qualitative differences between different environments.

Journal reference
Quantum Sci. Technol. 11 035073 (2026)
DOI
10.1088/2058-9565/ae917e

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We study deterministic port based teleportation in the presence of noise affecting both the entangled resource state and the measurement process. We focus on a physically motivated model in which each Bell pair constituting the resource interacts with an identical local environment, corresponding to independently distributed entangled links. Two noisy scenarios are analyzed: one with decoherence acting solely on the resource state and ideal measurements, and another with noisy, noise adapted measurements optimised for the given noise model. In the first case, we derive an analytical lower bound and later a closed-form expression for the entanglement fidelity of the teleportation channel and analyze its asymptotic behaviour. In the second, we combine semi analytical and numerical methods. Surprisingly, we find that noise-adapted measurements perform worse than the noiseless ones. To connect the abstract noise description with microscopic physics, we embed the protocol in a spin boson model and investigate the influence of bath memory and temperature on the teleportation fidelity, highlighting qualitative differences between different environments.
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In this work, we study quantum teleportation, a fundamental protocol of quantum physics. In particular, we present a mathematical methodology to study the combined effects of noisy resource state and noisy classical communication on teleportation fidelity and its deviation. We describe a teleportation protocol where an arbitrary two-qubit state in canonical form is used as a resource. Thereafter, to teleport an unknown qubit, Alice measures her qubits in Bell basis and conveys the measurement outcome to Bob via noisy classical channel(s). We derive the exact formulae of optimal teleportation fidelity and corresponding fidelity deviation where the resource state and the classical communication, both can be noisy. To provide the proof of optimality, we provide a systematic method. We further find conditions for non-classical fidelity and dispersion-free teleportation for our teleportation protocol. In this way, we identify noisy environments where it is possible to achieve dispersion-free teleportation without compromising non-classical fidelity. We also demonstrate scenarios where the increase of entanglement in the resource state, may degrade the quality of teleportation — a counter-intuitive instance. Finally, we discuss about the minimum classical communication cost required to achieve non-classical fidelity for our protocol. Here we mainly focus on a possible way to optimize the classical communication cost.
Quantum teleportation relies on entanglement as the quantum resource to be able to communicate with fidelities beyond the classical limit. Nevertheless, the entangled resource may be afflicted by local noise, affecting its ability to serve as the entangled resource for quantum teleportation. We obtain experimental data on the influence of different local environments on the ability of an initially entangled pair of qubits to act as a teleportation resource, after it has been disturbed by noise. We generate selected conditions on the noise parameter space, both theoretically and experimentally, and we find that an already noisy protocol can be made practically insensitive to a further addition of noise. The experimental results are based on a photonic implementation of the quantum teleportation algorithm, with a polarization-entangled pair acting as the quantum resource. The state to be teleported is an additional qubit encoded in the path internal degree of freedom of Alice's photon. Interactions with different local environments on both sides of the system are either implemented with an extra qubit as the environment, or simulated as a weighed average of pure states. We compare our experimental results with the theoretical predictions, and by performing quantum process tomography we can calculate the fidelity of the quantum teleportation scheme and evaluate the effect of local environments.
Achieving near-unity fidelity of Quantum Teleportation (QT) in a noisy environment is an essential requirement for its real-world applications. Towards this goal, we devise a distinctive protocol based on the timing of the sender Alice's Bell-basis measurement, synchronous with the suitably engineered structure of noise in the receiver Bob's wing, without requiring any knowledge or manipulation of Alice's local noise. For this purpose, to finally obtain the teleported states by performing the required unitary operations, Bob has to retain his qubits for only two particular Bell-basis outcomes communicated by Alice, whose corresponding reduced states have no dependence on the noise parameters in Alice's wing. Such postselection is crucial for enhancing the fidelity of the teleported state towards its ideal limit, while ensuring its full independence of Alice's noise. We formulate the specifics of our protocol in terms of a generic two-level quantum system, subjected to a general non-Markovian spin-boson model for dephasing noise. The proposed scheme is illustrated by using any pure maximally/non-maximally entangled state as well as a Werner-type mixed state as resource. In particular, using resource states having small values of entanglement measure, we show that the high fidelity of QT is achievable in the presence of noise. Further, using our scheme, considering even the local regime of Werner states, wherein the Bell-CHSH inequalities are not violated, we show that the QT fidelity in the presence of noise can be appreciably high.
Quantum teleportation is one of the most pioneering features of the quantum world. Typically, the quality of a teleportation protocol is solely judged by its average fidelity. In this work, we analyze the performance of teleportation in terms of both fidelity and the deviation in fidelity. Specifically, we define a quantity called teleportability score, which incorporates contributions from both the fidelity and its deviation. It also takes into account the sensitivity one requires for a protocol in which the teleportation of a quantum state is required in one or many intermediate steps. We compute the teleportability score in the noiseless scenario and find that it increases monotonically with the entanglement content of the considered pure resource states. The result remains the same even if we consider an nnn-chain repeater-like configuration. However, in the presence of noise, the teleportability score can sometime display a nonmonotonic behavior with respect to the entanglement content of the initially shared resource state. Specifically, under local bit-flip and bit-phase-flip noise, less entangled states can have higher teleportability score for certain choices of system parameters. In the presence of global depolarizing noise, for low entangled resource states and high sensitivity requirements, the noisy states can have better a teleportability score in comparison to the noiseless scenario.
In this work, we investigate controlled quantum teleportation in the presence of noisy channels acting on the three-qubit resource state. We employ a series of generalized noisy channels that bridge the dephasing channels and amplitude damping channels while encompassing extensive intermediate scenarios. We provide an in-depth analysis of the degradation of the maximal average fidelity and the optimal average fidelity in controlled quantum teleportation induced by such noisy channels by deriving the analytical expression and examining several special cases. The analytical expression shows that attaining the optimal average fidelity requires Charlie's cooperation in performing a measurement at suitably chosen angles, and is also related to the initial state and the channel parameters. Our analysis reveals that the optimal average fidelity does not always decrease monotonically with the evolution parameter, instead, it first decreases and then increases. This non-monotonic behavior depends on the entanglement of the initial resource state, as well as on the parameters of the channel traversed by the first qubit.