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arXiv:2602.06231

Magnon-Mediated Superconductivity in the Infinite-$U$ Triangular Lattice

Hantian Zhu, Yixin Zhang, Shang-Shun Zhang, Yang Zhang, Cristian D. Batista

Published Feb 5, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate that the infinite-$U$ triangular-lattice Hubbard model supports a superconducting state built from tightly bound Cooper pairs composed of two holes and one magnon ($2h1m$). Building on the seminal prediction of repulsively bound $2h1m$ states, we show that next-nearest-neighbor hopping $t_{2}$ coherently mixes symmetry-related configurations, stabilizing an $s$-wave bound state with substantial binding energy and a light effective mass. Large-scale DMRG calculations at finite doping identify a magnetization plateau corresponding to a gas of such bound states and quasi--long--range superconducting order with power-law $2h1m$ pair correlations. Our results establish a magnon-mediated superconducting mechanism driven by kinetic frustration, with immediate detectable signatures for moiré Hubbard materials and ultracold-atom simulators.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2602.06231

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Magnon-Mediated Superconductivity in the Infinite-UUU Triangular Lattice
We demonstrate that the infinite-UUU triangular-lattice Hubbard model supports a superconducting state built from tightly bound Cooper pairs composed of two holes and one magnon (2h1m2h1m2h1m). Building on the seminal prediction of repulsively bound 2h1m2h1m2h1m states, we show that next-nearest-neighbor hopping t2t_{2}t2​ coherently mixes symmetry-related configurations, stabilizing an sss-wave bound state with substantial binding energy and a light effective mass. Large-scale DMRG calculations at finite doping identify a magnetization plateau corresponding to a gas of such bound states and quasi--long--range superconducting order with power-law 2h1m2h1m2h1m pair correlations. Our results establish a magnon-mediated superconducting mechanism driven by kinetic frustration, with immediate detectable signatures for moiré Hubbard materials and ultracold-atom simulators.
Understanding how particles bind into composite objects is a ubiquitous theme in physics, from the formation of molecules to hadrons in quantum chromodynamics and the pairing of charge carriers in superconductors. The formation of bound states usually originates from attractive interactions between particles. However, the binding can also arise purely from the motion of dopants due to kinetic frustration, which is potentially related to unconventional pairing in moiré materials. Here, we report the first direct observation of kinetically-induced bound states between holes and magnons using a Rydberg atom array quantum simulator of the bosonic ttt-JJJ model in frustrated ladders and 2D lattices. First, we demonstrate the formation of mobile one-hole-one-magnon bound states. We then construct three-particle one-hole-two-magnon bound states and reveal the underlying binding mechanism by observing kinetically-induced singlet correlations. Finally, we investigate how mobile dopants structure their magnetic environment in a spin-balanced 2D triangular lattice, showing that a hole induces 120∘120^\circ120∘ antiferromagnetic order, while a doublon dopant generates in-plane ferromagnetic correlations. Our results demonstrates compelling evidence of kinetically-induced binding, opening a new avenue to understand novel pairing mechanisms in correlated quantum materials like superconductors in moiré superlattices.
We propose a pairing mechanism between holes in the dilute limit of doped frustrated Mott insulators. Hole pairing arises from a hole-hole-magnon three-body bound state. This pairing mechanism has its roots on single-hole kinetic energy frustration, which favors antiferromagnetic (AFM) correlations around the hole. We demonstrate that the AFM polaron (hole-magnon bound state) produced by a single hole propagating on a field-induced polarized background is strong enough to bind a second hole. The effective interaction between these three-body bound states is repulsive, implying that this pairing mechanism is relevant for superconductivity.
Antiferromagnetism and superconductivity are often viewed as competing orders in correlated electron systems. Here, we demonstrate that kinetic frustration in hole motion facilitates their coexistence within the square-lattice repulsive Hubbard model. Combining exact analytical solutions on tailored geometries with large-scale numerical simulations, we reveal a robust pairing mechanism: Holes on opposite sublattices behave as if they carry opposite effective charges due to spin singlet formation from kinetic frustration. This emergent property suppresses phase separation and fosters a coherent [Formula: see text]-wave superconducting channel embedded within a long-range antiferromagnetic background. Our findings establish a minimal yet broadly applicable framework for stabilizing strong-coupling superconductivity in doped Mott insulators.
Quantum simulations with ultracold fermions in triangular optical lattices have recently emerged as a new platform for studying magnetism in frustrated systems. Experimental realizations of the Fermi Hubbard model revealed striking contrast between magnetism in bipartite and triangular lattices. In bipartite lattices magnetism peaks at half filling, and doped charge carriers tend to suppress magnetic correlations. In triangular lattices for large U/tU/tU/t, magnetism is enhanced by doping away from n=1n=1n=1 because kinetic energy of dopants can be lowered through developing magnetic correlations. This corresponds to formation of magnetic polarons, with hole and doublon doping resulting in antiferro- and ferromagnetic polarons respectively. Snapshots obtained with quantum gas microscopes revealed formation of magnetic polarons around dopants at temperatures exceeding the superexchange energy scale. In this work we discuss theoretically that additional insight into properties of magnetic polarons can be achieved using spectroscopic experiments with ultracold atoms. We consider starting from a spin polarized state with small hole doping and applying a two-photon Raman photoexcitation, which transfers atoms into a different spin state. We show that such magnon injection spectra exhibit a separate peak corresponding to formation of a bound state between a hole and a magnon. This polaron peak is separated from the simple magnon spectrum by energy proportional to single particle tunneling and can be easily resolved with currently available experimental techniques. For some momentum transfer there is an additional peak corresponding to photoexciting a bound state between two holes and a magnon. We point out that in two component Bose mixtures in triangular lattices one can also create dynamical magnetic polarons, with one hole and one magnon forming a repulsive bound state.
Quantum simulations with ultracold fermions in triangular optical lattices have recently emerged as a new platform for studying magnetism in frustrated systems. Experimental realizations of the Fermi Hubbard model revealed striking contrast between magnetism in bipartite and triangular lattices. In bipartite lattices magnetism is strongest at half filling, and doped charge carriers tend to suppress magnetic correlations. In triangular-type lattices for large U/t and t>0, antiferromagnetism (ferromagnetism) gets enhanced by doping away from n=1 with holes (doublons) because kinetic energy of dopants can be lowered through developing magnetic correlations, corresponding to formation of magnetic polarons. Snapshots of many-body states obtained with quantum gas microscopes demonstrated existence of magnetic polarons by revealing the magnetic correlations around dopants at temperatures that considerably exceed superexchange energy scale. In this paper we discuss theoretically that additional insight into properties of magnetic polarons in triangular lattices can be achieved using spectroscopic experiments with ultracold atoms. We consider starting from a spin polarized state with small hole doping and applying a two-photon Raman photoexcitation, which transfers atoms into a different spin state. We show that such magnon injection spectra exhibit a separate peak corresponding to formation of a bound state between a hole and a magnon. This polaron peak is separated from the simple magnon spectrum by energy proportional to single particle tunneling and can be easily resolved with currently available experimental techniques. For some momentum transfer there is an additional peak corresponding to photoexciting a bound state between two holes and a magnon. We point out that in two component Bose mixtures in triangular lattices one can also create dynamical magnetic polarons, with one hole and one magnon forming a repulsive bound state.
The triangular-lattice Fermi-Hubbard model has been extensively investigated in the literature due to its connection to chiral spin states and unconventional superconductivity. Previous simulations of the ground state of the doped system rely on quasi-one-dimensional lattices where true long-range order is forbidden. Here we simulate two-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional triangular lattices using state-of-the-art Auxiliary-Field Quantum Monte Carlo. Upon doping a non-magnetic chiral spin state, we observe evidence of chiral superconductivity supported by long-range order in Cooper-pair correlation and a finite value of the chiral order parameter. With this aim, we first locate the transition from the metallic to the non-magnetic insulating phase and the onset of magnetic order. Our results pave the way towards a better understanding of strongly correlated lattice systems with magnetic frustration.